Changes

In the long history of genital mutilation aka [[foreskin]] [[amputation ]] aka [[circumcision]], there have been many false alleged reasons why this should be a ''medical procedure''. Please note that some of the alleged medical reasons are rather pseudo-hygienical reasons which should never be solved by cutting off [[intact ]] body parts.

* Crossed eyes - 1886: [[William G. Eggleston]]<ref name="Eggleston1886">{{REFjournal |last=Eggleston |first=William G. |init=WG |title=Two cases of reflex paraplegia(one with aphasia) from tape-worm and phimosis |journal=Journal of the American Medical Association |date=1886-05-08 |volume=6 |issue=19 |pages=511-515Eggleston1886}}</ref>

* Dirt under the [[foreskin]] in newborns - 1941: [[Allan Alan F. Guttmacher]]<ref name="Guttmacher1941">{{REFjournal

|first=Allan Alan F.

|author-link=Allan Alan F. Guttmacher

* Epilepsy - 1902: [[Roswell Park]]<ref name="Park1902">{{REFjournal |last=Park |first=Roswell |init=R |title=The surgical treatment of epilepsy |journal=American Medicine |date=1902-11-22 |volume=4 |issue=21 |pages=807-809Park1902}}</ref>* [[Masturbation]] (females) - 1918 [[Belle C. Eskridge]]<ref name="Eskridge1918">{{REFjournal |last=Eskridge |first=Belle C. |init=BC |title=Why not circumcise the girl as well as the boy? |journal=Texas State Journal of Medicine |date=1918-05 |volume=14 |pages=17-19Eskridge1918}}</ref>

}}</ref>, 1901: [[Ernest G. Mark]]<ref name="Mark1901">{{REFjournal |last=Mark |first=Ernest G. |init=EG |title=Circumcision |journal=American Practitioner and News |date=1901-02-15 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=122-126 |url= |quote= |pubmedID= |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=Mark1901}}</ref>* [[Masturbation]] (newborns) - 1953: R.[[Richard L. Miller ]] and D.[[Donald C. Snyder]]<ref name="MillerSnyder1953">{{REFjournal |last=Miller |init=RL |last2=Snyder |init2=DC |title=Immediate circumcision of the newborn male |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |date=1953-01 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1-11MillerSnyder1953}}</ref>* Neuroses (females) - 1915: [[Benjamin E. Dawson]]<ref name="Dawson1915">{{Dawson1915}}</ref>

In 1958, C.[[Christine F. McDonald ]] said "the same reasons that apply for the [[circumcision ]] of males are generally valid when considered for the female."<ref name="McDonald1958">{{REFjournal |last=McDonald |init=CF |title=Circumcision of the female |journal=General Practitioner |date=1958-09 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=98-99McDonald1958}}</ref>

In 1966, Masters and Johnson erroneous claim that there is no difference in sensitivity between penises with and without [[foreskin]].

|last=Masters and & Johnson

* Clitoris easier findable Adiposity by husband relieving psychosomatic factors - 1959: [[W.G. Rathmann]]<ref name="Rathmann1959">{{REFjournal |last=Rathmann |init=WG |title=Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique |journal=General Practitioner |date=1959-09 |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=115-120Rathmann1959}}</ref>* [[Clitoris]] easier findable by husband - 1959: [[W. G. Rathmann]]<ref name="Rathmann1959"/>* [[HIV ]] (in women after FGM) - 2005: [[R.Y. Stallings]]<ref name="Stallings2005">{{REFconference |place=Rio de Janeiro |title=Female circumcision and HIV infection in Tanzania: for better or for worse? |last=Stallings |first=R.Y. |source=Third International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Pathogenesis and Treatment |date=2005-07-25 |note=25-27 July 2005Stallings2005}}</ref>

* Abdominal neuralgia - 1879: [[H.H. Kane]]<ref name="Kane1879">{{REFjournal |last=Kane |init=HH |title=Seminal emissions, abdominal neuralgia: circumcision: cure |journal=Southern Clinic |date=1879-10 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=8-11Kane1879}}</ref>* Bed wetting - 1873: [[Joseph Bell]]<ref name="Bell1873">{{REFjournal |lastBell1873}}</ref>, 1930: [[Norton Henry Bare]]<ref name=Bell |first=Joseph |init=J |title=Nocturnal incontinence of urine cured by circumcision |journal=Edinburgh Medical Journal |date=1873-05 |volume=1 |issue=9 |page=1034"Bare1930">{{Bare1930}}</ref>* Blindness - 1890: [[William D. Gentry]]<ref name="Gentry1890">{{REFjournal |last=Gentry |first=William D. |init=WD |author-link=William D. Gentry |title=Nervous derangements produced by sexual irregularities in boys |journal=Medical Current |date=1890-07 |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=268-274Gentry1890}}</ref>

* Epilepsy - 1865: [[Nathaniel Heckford]]<ref name="Heckford1865">{{REFjournal |last=Heckford |first=Nathaniel |init=N |title=Circumcision as a remedial measure in certain cases of epilepsy and chorea |journal=Clinical Lectures and Reports by the Medical and Surgical Staff of the London Hospital |date=1865 |volume=2 |pages=58-64Heckford1865}}</ref>, 1870: [[Lewis Albert Sayre|Lewis A. Sayre]]<ref name="Sayre 1870 epilepsy">{{REFjournal

}}</ref>, 1902: [[Roswell Park]]<ref name="Park1902"/>, 1930: [[Norton Henry Bare]]<ref name="Bare1930">{{REFjournal |last=Bare |first=Norton Henry |init=NH |title=Surgical treatment of epilepsy with report of case |journal=The China Medical Journal |date=1930-11 |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=1109-1113}}</ref>* Eye problems believed to be caused by [[masturbation]] - 1881: [[Maximillian LandesburgLandesberg]]<ref name="Landesburg1881Landesberg1881">{{REFjournal |last=Landesburg |first=Maximillian |init=M |title=On affections of the eye caused by masturbation |journal=Medical Bulletin |date=1881-04 |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=79-81Landesberg1881}}</ref>* Immunity to nearly all physical and mental illness - 1953: R.[[Richard L. Miller ]] and D.[[Donald C. Snyder]]<ref name="MillerSnyder1953">{{REFjournal |last=Miller |init=RL |last2=Snyder |init2=DC |title=Immediate circumcision of the newborn male |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |date=1953-01 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1-11}}</ref>* [[Masturbation]] (newborns) - 1953: R.[[Richard L. Miller ]] and D.[[Donald C. Snyder]]<ref name="MillerSnyder1953"/>* Neuroses (females) - 1915: [[Benjamin E. Dawson]]<ref name="Dawson1915">{{REFjournal |last=Dawson |first=Benjamin E. |init=BE |title=Circumcision in the Female: Its Necessity and How to Perform It |journal=American Journal of Clinical Medicine |date=1915-06 |volume=22 |issue=66 |pages=520-523}}</ref>* Nocturnal seminal emissions (i.e. wet dreams) - 18321836: [[Claude-Francois François Lallemand]]<ref name="Lallemand">{{REFbook |last=Lallemand |first=Claude-Francois |year=(1):1836; (2):1839; (3):1842 |title=Des Pertes Seminales Involontaires |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HV4B3UaMUAYC&dq=Des+Pertes+Seminales+Involontaires+1836&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s |volume=1-3 |pages=(1):463-467; (2):70-162; (3):266-267, 280-289 |accessdate=2011-06-09Lallemand1836}}</ref>, 1879: [[H.H. Kane]]<ref name="Kane1879"/>* Rectal incontinence - 1894: [[H.L. Rosenberry]]<ref name="Rosenberry1894">{{REFjournal |last=Rosenberry |init=HL |title=Incontinence of the urine and faeces, cured by circumcision |journal=Medical Record |date=1894-08-11 |volume=4 |issue=6 |page=173Rosenberry1894}}</ref>* Sensitiveness of the organ - 1901: [[Ernest G. Mark]]<ref name="Mark1901"/>* Urinary incontinence - 1894: [[H.L. Rosenberry]]<ref name="Rosenberry1894"/>

* [[AIDS ]] - 1986: [[Aaron J. Fink]]<ref name="Fink1986">{{REFjournal

|title=A possible explanation for heterosexual male infection with [[AIDS]]

* [[Cervical cancer]] (women) - 1951: [[Abraham Ravich]]<ref name="Ravich1951">{{Ravich1951}}</ref>, 1954: [[Ernest L. Wynder]]<ref name="Wynder1954">{{REFjournal |last=Wynder |first=Ernest L. |init=EL |#author-link=Ernest L. Wynder |title=A study of environmental factors of carcinoma of the cervix |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |date=1954-10 |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=10166-52 (??)Wynder1954}}</ref>* [[HIV ]] (in women after FGM) - 2005: [[R.Y. Stallings]]<ref name="Stallings2005"/>* [[HIV ]] 'vaccine' - 2007: [[Robert C. Bailey]]<ref name="Bailey2007">{{REFjournal |last=RCT Bailey |first=Robert C. |init=RC |author-link=Robert C. Bailey |title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention for young men in Kisumu, Kenya |journal=Lancet |date=et al 2007 |volume=369 |issue=9562 |pages=643-656}}</ref>

* [[Masturbation]] (females) - 1918: [[Belle C. Eskridge]]<ref name="Eskridge1918"/>* [[Masturbation]] (males) - 1845: [[Edward H. Dixon]]<ref name="Dixon">{{REFbook |last=Dixon |first=Edward H. |year=1845 |title=A Treatise on Diseases of the Sexual Organs |pages=158-165 |location=New York |publisher=Stringer & Co |accessdate=2011-06-09Dixon1845}}</ref>, 1871: [[M.J. Moses ]] (for Jews)<ref name="Moses1871">{{REFjournal |last=Moses |init=MJ |title=The value of circumcision as a hygienic and therapeutic measure |journal=New York Medical Journal |date=1871-11 |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=368-374Moses1871}}</ref>, 1888: [[John Harvey Kellogg]] (as punishment)<ref name="Kellogg1888">{{REFbook |last=Kellogg |first=John Harvey |author-link=John Harvey Kellogg |year=1888 |title=Plain Facts for Old and Young |url=http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/KelPlai.html |editor=Project Gutenberg |edition=1881 edition |chapter=Treatment for Self-Abuse and Its Effects |location=Burlington, Iowa |publisher=F. Segner & Co |accessdate=2011-03-21Kellogg1888}}</ref>, 1969: [[Morris Fishbein]]<ref name="Fishbein1969">{{REFbook |last=Fishbein |first=Morris |author-link=Morris Fishbein |year=1969 |title=Modern Home Medical Adviser |editor=Garden City |chapter=Sex hygiene |pages=90+119 |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday & CoFishbein1969}}</ref>

* Raping whites - 1894: [[Peter Charles Remondino|P.C. Remondino]] (for Blacks)<ref name="Remondino1894">{{REFjournal

* Sensitivity - 1935: [[R. W. Cockshut]]<ref name="Cockshut1935"/>, 1941: [[Allan Alan F. Guttmacher]]<ref name="Guttmacher1941"/>

[[Category:Medical conditionscondition]][[Category:Penile disordersdisorder]]