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{{Construction Site}}'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' (also known as '''pre-ejaculatory fluid''', '''pre-seminal fluid''' or '''Cowper's fluid''', and colloquially as '''''pre-cum''''')<refname="cowpers">{{REFweb

}}</ref> is a clear, colorless, very slippery liquid that is produced by the Cowper's glands. <ref>{{REFweb

}}</ref> and discharged from the [[urethra ]] of males. It collects under the [[foreskin]] in the [[preputial sac]] of normal, [[foreskinned]] males where it functions as a lubricant at times of sexual arousal, [[masturbation]] or [[sexual intercourse]].They are also called the bulbo-urethral glands and are the male equivalent of the Bartholin's Glands.<ref name="cowpers" />

|format=PDF}}</ref> The [[vagina]] is normally acidic, so the deposit of pre-ejaculate before the emission of [[semen ]] may change the vaginal environment to promote sperm survival.<ref name=Chudnovskycite>{{REFjournal

|format=PDF}}</ref> Popular belief&nbsp;– — dating to a 1966 Masters and Johnson study<ref>{{REFbook

}}</ref>&nbsp;– — stated that pre-ejaculate may contain sperm that can cause pregnancy, which is a common basis of argument against the use of ''coitus interruptus'' (withdrawal) as a contraceptive method.<ref name=zukerman/><ref name="HIV">{{REFjournal

Some observers believe that, on average, [[circumcised]] males tend to produce less pre-ejaculate than [[foreskinned]] males, due to loss of sexual sensation received by the autonomic nervous system from the [[ridged band]] , [[frenulum]], and other nerves of the [[foreskin]].