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|accessdate=2023-08-06

}}</ref>

'''Adverse Childhood Experiences''' (ACEs) harm children's developing brains.<ref>{{REFjournal

|last=Anand

|accessdate=2023-08-06

}}</ref>

Involuntary childhood genital cutting—including female genital mutilation, gender-norming surgery of [[intersex]] children, and male [[circumcision]]—is [[Pain| painful]] and [[Trauma| traumatic]] and has been found to permanently alter individuals' sexuality, and to have other lifelong consequences.<ref name="bollinger2023">{{REFjournal

|last=Bollinger

|accessdate=2023-03-01

}}</ref> These early traumas are not yet included on the ACE checklist.

ACEs have a dose-response relationship with many health problems. That is, as the number of ACEs accumulates, the greater the health risks to the individual.