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|DOI=10.1038/s41443-019-0223-y
|accessdate=2022-10-14
}}</ref> They are also used by [[intactregret men]] and by [[foreskinned]] men who simply desire a longer [[foreskin]] and by [[regret men]].
== History ==
|volume=16
|issue=1
|pages=121-12424
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/rubin/
|quote=
|DOI=
|date=1994
|accessdate=2024-06-13
}}</ref>
[[Image:Foreskin restoration diagram.jpg |thumbnail|right|550px| A series of steps for non-surgical foreskin restoration. ]]
Nonsurgical foreskin restoration is the most commonly used method of foreskin restoration. It is accomplished through [[tissue expansion]] and involves pulling on the remnants of the [[foreskin]]. <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Zöllner |first= |init=AM |author-link= |last2=Holland |first2= |init2=MA |author2-link= |last3= |first3=Honda |init3=KS |author3-link= |last4=Gonain |first4= |init4=Ak |author4-link= |last5=Kuhl |first5= |init5=E |author5-link= |etal=no |title=Growth on demand: Reviewing the mechanobiology of stretched skin |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. |date=2013-12 |volume=28 |pages=495-509 |url= |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=23623569 |pubmedCID=3758413 |DOI=10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.03.018 |accessdate=2024-08-09}}</ref> Both the skin of the penile shaft and the [[mucosa]]l inner lining of the [[foreskin]], if any remains after [[circumcision]], may be expanded. The skin is pulled forward over the [[glans]], and tension is applied manually, by using weights or elastic straps. In the latter two cases a device must be attached to the skin; surgical tape is often used.
[[Image:Tlctugger applied.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px| TLCTugger device applied to a [[circumcised]] penis for non-surgical foreskin restoration.]]
===Results===
Results of non-surgical methods vary widely, and depend on such factors as the amount of skin present at the start of the restoration, degree of commitment, technique, and the individual's body. Foreskin restoration by [[tissue expansion]] successfully restores sensitivity to [[glans penis]] and restores the [[gliding action]]. Certain parts of the natural [[foreskin ]] cannot be reformed. In particular, the [[ridged band]], a nerve-bearing tissue structure extending around the [[penis]] just inside the tip of the foreskin,<ref name="Taylor interview">{{REFweb
|quote=
|url=http://www.intact.ca/taylor.html
}}</ref> A loose effect can also be alleviated by creating increased length, but requires a longer commitment to the restoration program. In addition, several websites claim that the use of O-rings during the restoration program can train the skin to maintain a puckered shape.
As the [[shaft skin]] expands and gets longer the [[circumcision scar]] will travel down toward the tip and eventually turn under and be concealed inside the restored foreskin, thus producing a very natural appearance.
When the [[glans penis]] is habitually covered by the regrown foreskin, the increase in protection, plus moisture and oil from [[transudation]] provided by the new [[foreskin]] , will result in [[Keratinization#De-keratinization_treatment| de-keratinization]] of the [[glans penis]] and increase in sensation.
== Surgical techniques ==
}}</ref>
The process of foreskin restoration seeks to regenerate some of the tissue removed by [[circumcision ]] by [[Tissue expansion| expansion of residual tissue]], as well as providing coverage of the [[glans]]. According to research, the [[foreskin]] comprises over one-half of the skin and [[mucosa]] of the human penis.<ref>{{TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996}}</ref>
By growing more [[penile skin]], foreskin restorers recover the skin mobility that was eliminated by their circumcision. The ability to [[gliding action|glide the skin of the penis over the glans]] constitutes a mechanical component of the stimulation mechanism of the [[penis]].
In some men, foreskin restoration may alleviate certain problems they attribute to their [[circumcision]]. Such problems, as reported to an anti-circumcision group by men [[circumcised ]] in infancy or childhood, include prominent [[Circumcision scar|scarring]] (33%), insufficient [[penile skin]] for comfortable [[erection]] (27%), erectile curvature from uneven skin loss (16%), and pain and [[bleeding]] upon [[erection]]/manipulation (17%). The poll also asked about awareness of or involvement in foreskin restoration, and included an open comment section. Many respondents and their wives "reported that restoration resolved the unnatural dryness of the circumcised penis, which caused abrasion, pain or [[bleeding]] during intercourse, and that restoration offered unique pleasures, which enhanced sexual intimacy."<ref name="Hammond">{{REFjournal
|last=Hammond
|init=T
|accessdate=2010-10-02
|quote=The ancient Greeks were against the practice of circumcising their males and possessing a generous foreskin was a significantly important part of their culture.
}}</ref> The [[circumcision scar]] is now completely concealed by the longer skin which relocates the scar to the inside. As the restored foreskin gets longer and extends beyond the [[glans penis]], the [[acroposthion]] is reformed.
# The presence of a foreskin and [[gliding action]] usually provides a more satisfactory [[Vagina| intra-vaginal experience]] for the female partner.
|journal=British Journal of Plastic Surgery
|volume=16
|issue=287-8 |pages=287-8
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/penn1/
|quote=The result was satisfactory physically and the patient was completely rehabilitated psychologically.
|pubmedID=14042759
|pubmedCID=
|date=1963
|accessdate=2019-09-29
}}</ref><ref name="Boyle">{{BoyleGJ GoldmanR SvobodaJS FernandezE 2002}}</ref> Watson & Golden (2017) recommend recommended non-surgical foreskin restoration as a treatment for negative feelings in many adult men about their involuntary infant [[circumcision]].<ref name="watson2017">{{REFjournal
|last=Watson
|first=Lindsay R.
[[Foreskin regeneration]] is only theoretical as of 2024. No foreskin has ever been regenerated. There is no assurance that foreskin regeneration would actually be successful, if attempted.
[[Foregen]] had announced its desire to conduct trials on human volunteers in April 2023, but it has not yet happened2025.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.foregen.org/research
|title=Research
== Videos ==
==== Wayne Griffiths - Foreskin Restoration & Human Rights ====
[[R. Wayne Griffiths]], {{MS}}, co-founder of [[NORM]], discusses foreskin restoration and human rights in 2009.
<youtube>v=qWIyipxe2uE</youtube>
====Circumcised at 46====<youtube>v=pZ3n8CtcmRY</youtube>==== Foreskin Restoration ====
[[Ron Low]], a manufacturer of a foreskin restoration device, discussed foreskin restoration.
<youtube>v=7B98RAGbJkc</youtube>
====Why some men cannot orgasm after being circumcised - tight cut versus regular cut====<youtube>v=xGRpOFSrDes</youtube>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Basics of foreskin restoration]]
* [[Foreskin Restoration - video]]
* [[Gliding action]]
* [[Intact Again Podcast]]
* [[Literature about foreskin restoration]]
* [[Manual tugging]]
* [[Medical literature about foreskin restoration#Articles 2|Medical articles]]
* [[Penis]]
* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]
* [[Restoration]]
* [[RestoringMan]]
* [[Restoring for Men]]
* [[Ridged band]]
* [[Surgical foreskin restoration]]
* [http://www.norm.org NORM - National Organization of Restoring Men (U.S.)]
* [https://www.cirp.org/pages/restore.php CIRP Foreskin restoration for circumcised males]
* {{REFnews
|title=The Great Uncircumcision Debate
|url=https://www.cirp.org/news/2007/2007-11-02_time_b.php
|last=Lee-St. John
|first=Jeninne
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Time Magazine
|website=
|date=2007-11-11
|accessdate=2024-07-28
|quote=As the number of newborn American boys who get circumcised appears to be declining, the number of men uncircumcising themselves seems to be rising.
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=http://www.savingsons.org/2009/10/foreskin-restoration.html
|accessdate=2021-06-15
}}
* {{{REFweb
|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jFXHq45OB8Jbu176xHeD6tCkW8nY23ti/view
|title=Foreskin Restoration
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.309.6955.676a
|accessdate=2019-11-26
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/foreskin_restoration/comments/zw9ejb/anyone_else_aiming_at_partial_coverage_as_their/?rdt=49190
|title=Anyone else aiming at partial coverage as their end goal ? (Post-voluntary circumcision issues)
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=REDDIT
|date=2023
|accessdate=2024-06-08
}}
* {{REFweb
|DOI=10.1002/ca.22600
|accessdate=2022-05-02
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.darboninstitute.org/foreskin_restoration
|title=Foreskin restoration
|last=
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Darbon Institute
|date=
|accessdate=2024-09-12
}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://foreskinned.com/pages/foreskin-restoration-frequently-asked-questions
|title=Foreskin restoration - Frequently Asked Questions
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Foreskinned Air
|date=2024
|accessdate=2024-09-24
}}
{{ABBR}}