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American bias in favor of circumcision could be attributed to a number of different factors. The history of circumcision in America goes back at least a century, when it began as a way to curb masturbation in boys and men.<ref name='Stay Free!'>{{REFwebQuoteREFweb
| quote=The operation should be performed by a surgeon without administering an anesthetic...
| last=McLaren
| work=Stay Free! Magazine
| date=
| urltitletitle=Porn Flakes: Kellogg, Graham, and the Crusade for Moral Fiber
| url=http://www.ibiblio.org/stayfree/10/graham.htm
| accessdate=2011-03-06
== "Anti-circumcision bias" ==
Advocates of circumcision may claim there is an "anti-circumcision bias" in research and in public health policy. They support their claim only with their judgment that substantial medical evidence favors their view.<ref>Schoen E, Wiswell T, Moses S. New policy on circumcision: Cause for concern. Pediatrics 2000; 105: 620-623.</ref> It is significant that circumcision advocates never offer any rationale or research to explain why someone would have an anti-circumcision bias and why, for example, some circumcised men, Jews, and doctors who performed routine circumcisions (and stopped) would adopt a position opposing circumcision that is not evidence-based.<ref>{{REFwebQuoteREFweb
| quote=Circumcision was more often supported by doctors who were circumcised.
| last=
| work=
| date=
| urltitletitle=Cultural and Medical Bias
| url=http://www.circumcision.org/bias.htm
| accessdate=2011-05-10