Changes

Although claims have been made that the presence of the foreskin increases the risk of infection with [[Circumcision and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)HIV| human immune deficiency virus]] (HIV), that is not correct. The claims are based on the reported findings of three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that were carried out more than a decade ago in Africa. Boyle & Hill (2011) have shown these RCTs to be have significant methodological flaws and statistical errors that render their claims invalid.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{REFjournal