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The '''risks and complications''' of male circumcision are extensive and only gradually being recognized by medical authorities. Male [[circumcision]] is a surgical operation that amputates a [[Foreskin| body part]] with various protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions. When considering the complications, risks, and other disadvantages, one must consider the surgical risks and also the loss of function inherent in the loss of a body part. Adverse [[Sexual effects of circumcision| sexual]] and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]] effects have been identified, that should be considered in assessing the total risk of a proposed circumcision. A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical mishap.<ref>Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/williams-kapila/#n14 Complications of circumcision]". ''Brit J Surg'' 80 (10): 1231-6.</ref> Since there are approximately 120 million [[circumcised ]] men in the [[United States ]] today, it stands to reason that there are millions of men who suffer daily from the effects of these botched circumcisionsand amputations.  Perhaps worst of all, more than 117<ref>Bollinger, Dan; Boy's Health Advisory ({{BollingerD 2010-04-26). "[http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201004/2026622071.html Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths"]. ''Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies'' 4 (1): 78–90 Retrieved 3/21/11}}</ref> to 229<ref>Baker RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous]. ''Sexual Medicine Today'' 1979;3(11):35-36)</ref> infants in the U.S. die from [[circumcision ]] every year. The typical circumcision of an infant boy is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic surgery. It has no upside, only numerous downsides. Many men report a loss of sensation after [[Adult circumcision| circumcision]]. {{SEEALSO}}* [[Complication]]* [[Fatalities]]* [[Foreskin]]* [[Documented severe complications of circumcision]]* [[Lymphoedema]]* [[Meatal stenosis]]* [[Sexual effects of circumcision]]* [[Pain]]* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]* [[Trauma]]* [[United States of America]] {{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/ |title=Complications of circumcision |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |website= |date=2013-02-22 |accessdate=2019-12-03 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/ |title=Foreskin Sexual Function/Circumcision Sexual Dysfunction |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |website= |date=2013-07-30 |accessdate=2019-12-03 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/ |title=Psychological impacts of male circumcision |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |website= |date=2012-05-26 |accessdate=2019-02-03 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Sexuality.html |title=The Foreskin, Circumcision and Sexuality |last=Young |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Young |publisher= |website=Circumstitions |date= |accessdate=2019-12-03 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/articles/ch-4-immediate-complications-of-circumcision-doc-genital-integrity-statement/ |title=Chapter Four: The Immediate Complications of Circumcision (DOC Genital Integrity Statement) |last=Hill |first=George |author-link=George Hill |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |website=Research Hub |date=2008-06 |accessdate=2019-12-14 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/articles/ch-5-post-operative-complications-of-circumcision-doc-genital-integrity-statement/ |title=Ch. 5: Post-Operative Complications of Circumcision (DOC Genital Integrity Statement) |last=Hill |first=George |author-link=George Hill |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |website=Research Hub |date=2008-06-12 |accessdate=2019-12-14 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.i2researchhub.org/articles/ch-6-long-term-adverse-effects-of-circumcision-doc-genital-integrity-statement/ |title=Ch. 6: Long-Term Adverse Effects of Circumcision (DOC Genital Integrity Statement) |last=Hill |first=George |author-link=George Hill |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |website=Research Hub |date=2008-06-12 |accessdate=2019-12-15 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/complications-of-circumcision.pdf |title=Complications of Circumcision |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |website= |date=2016-07 |accessdate=201912-17 |format=PDF |quote=}}

[[Category:USA]] [[Categoryde:CircumcisionRisiken und Komplikationen]]