Changes

'''Keratinization''' is the process whereby the surface of the [[glans]] and remaining [[preputial mucosa| mucosa]] of the circumcised penis become dry, toughened and hard. Normally, the glans is covered by the [[foreskin]], which moisturizes the area by [[transudation]], keeping the surface of the glans and inner mucosa moist and supple. After circumcision, however, the glans and surrounding mucosa become permanently externalized, and they are exposed to the air and the constant abrasion of clothing. These areas dry out, causing layers of keratin to build, giving the glans and remaining mucosa a dry, leathery appearanceand reducing sensation.

|quote=We found no difference between the keratinization of the inner and outer aspects of the adult male foreskin. Keratin layers alone are unlikely to explain why uncircumcised men are at higher risk for HIV infection.