Changes

Mishra et al. (2023) studied surveyed the microbiome and mycobiome of eleven toilet-trained pediatric patients before and after elective non-therapeutic [[circumcision]]. Circumcision amputates the [[foreskin]] and destroys the [[preputial sac]]where the microbiome is found. <ref name="cold-taylor1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> The authors reported a "significant drop" in the bacterial and fungal population after circumcision, but did not report any change in patient health.<ref>{{REFjournal