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Brit Milah

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''From the English [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_milah Wikipedia]:''
The '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''' is the first part of the Jewish ritual circumcision procedure. It is supposedly required by the [[Abrahamic covenant]], which is found in Genesis 17, however this chapter has been questioned and debunked by a Jewish scholar.<ref name="glick2005">{{REFbook
|last=Glick
|first=Leonard B.
|init=LB
|author-link=Leonard B. Glick
|year=2005
|title=Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America
|edition=1st
|chapter=Chapter One
|pages=15-18
|publisher={{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press
|isbn=9780195176742
|accessdate=2020-03-02
|note=
}}</ref>
<blockquote>
The '''''brit milah''''' (Hebrew: בְּרִית מִילָה; Ashkenazi pronunciation: bʁis ˈmilə, "covenant of [[circumcision]]"; Yiddish pronunciation: ''bris'' (bʀɪs)) is a Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony performed by a ''[[mohel]]'' on the eighth day of a male infant's life, as required by the [[Abrahamic covenant]] and the Halacha. The ''brit milah'' is followed by a celebratory meal.
</blockquote>
A boy born to a Jewish mother is a Jew without regard to his circumcision status.
 
The Christian elders, meeting at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] in about 49 A.D. rejected Brit Milah as a Christian practice, however it remains a Jewish practice.
==Description==
[[James Peron]] reported:
<blockquote>
The '''''brit milah''''' (Hebrew: בְּרִית מִילָה; Ashkenazi pronunciation: bʁis ˈmilə, "covenant original Biblical circumcision of [[circumcision]]"; Yiddish pronunciation: Abraham''bris'' (bʀɪs)) is s time was a Jewish religious male relatively minor ritual circumcision ceremony performed by a ''procedure in which only the redundant end of the [[mohelforeskin]]'' on extending beyond the eighth day tip of a male infant's life, as required by the [[Abrahamic covenantglans]]was removed. The ''brit milah'' This was called "Milah". It is followed by a celebratory mealfrom this term that the Jewish Religious Covenant circumcision ritual Bris Milah or Brith Milah got its name.<ref name="peron2000">{{REFjournal |last=Peron |init=JE |author-link=James Peron |url=https://cirp.org/library/history/peron2/ |title=Circumcision: then and now |journal=Many Blessings |date=2000 |season=Spring |volume=III |issue= |pages=41-2 |accessdate=2023-08-25}}</ref>
</blockquote>
 
Brit Milah is performed by a ''[[mohel]]''.
 
==Risks==
Medical science has identified several risks associated with Brit Milah. Brit Milah is a surgical operation and, like all surgical operations, has the risks of [[infection]], [[bleeding]], and a surgical misadventure, up to and including loss of the [[penis]] and [[death]].
Professor [[L. Emmett Holt]] (1913) reported 41 cases of tuberculosis in ritually [[circumcised ]] boys who had been infected by tubercular [[Mohel| mohels]], of whom 16 had died at the time of writing.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Holt
|init=LE
|DOI=10.1136/adc.2008.144063
|url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2008.144063v1
}}</ref> The infection appears within two weeks after the ritual operation.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Toker
|first=
|init=O
|author-link=
|last2=Schwartz
|first2=
|init2=S
|author2-link=
|last3=Segal
|first3=
|init3=G
|author3-link=
|last4=Godovitch
|first4=
|init4=N
|author4-link=
|last5=Schlesinger
|first5=
|init5=Y
|author5-link=
|last6=Raveh
|first6=
|init6=D
|author6-link=
|etal=no
|title=A costly covenant: ritual circumcision and urinary tract infection
|journal=Isr Med Assoc J
|location=
|date=2010-05
|volume=12
|issue=5
|page=
|pages=262-5
|url=https://www.ima.org.il/FilesUploadPublic/IMAJ/0/39/19639.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20929075
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-11-09
}}</ref>
== Social developments ==Jewish families increasingly are questioning the practice of male circumcision. The Israeli newspaper, Haaretz, reported that many Jewish families are rejecting ritual circumcision.<ref name="ahituv2021">{{REFnews |title=Even in Israel, More and More Parents Choose Not to Circumcise Their Sons |url=https://www.haaretz.com/even-in-israel-more-and-more-parents-choose-not-to-circumcise-1.5178506 |last=Ahituv |first=Netta |coauthors= |publisher=Haaretz |website= |date=2021-06-14 |accessdate=2023-12-27 |quote=The survey also found that nearly a third of the parents would prefer to forgo circumcision but nevertheless have it done for social reasons ‏(16.6 percent‏), health reasons ‏(10.4 percent‏) and because it is important for the grandparents ‏(2.1 percent‏).}}</ref> In the [[United States]], a new organization, [[Bruchim]], seeks to make non-circumcision acceptable in synagogues.==Video==<b>Jewish Circumcision Ritual and Jews Who Say No</b><youtube>dZy5lbWb9Xgv=INy_JH6lzHI</youtube> 
{{SEEALSO}}
 
* [[Abrahamic covenant]]
* [[Brit Shalom]]
* [[Judaism]]
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
* [[Pain]]
* [[Penile herpes simplex virus type 1 infection (after Jewish ritual circumcision)]]
* [[Periah]]
* [[Trauma]]
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
|url=https://www.thebrisguide.com/what-is-a-bris
|title=The Parent's Comprehensive Guide to Bris Milah
|last=Golish
|first=Shlomo
|init=
|publisher=The Bris Guide
|date=2022
|accessdate=2022-11-24
}}
* {{REFbook
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/legal/chessler/02.php#D3
|chapter=Judaism and Male Circumcision: The Bible and its Contradictions
|title=Justifying the Unjustifiable: Rite v. Wrong
|last=Chessler
|first=Abbie J.
|init=AJ
|author-link=Abbie Chessler
|publisher=Buffalo Law Review
|year=1997
|accessdate=2023-08-26
}}
 
{{REF}}
[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Penile surgery]]
 
[[de:Brit Mila]]
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