Difference between revisions of "Canada"
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==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | + | Non-therapeutic circumcision of children is offensive to many Canadian minorities. The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favor circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the culture of Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). | |
| + | |||
| + | Pirie (1927), in a presentation to the Canadian Society for the Study of Diseases of Children, described circumcision as "very common".<ref name="pirie1927">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Pirie | ||
| + | |first=George R. | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |title=The story of circumcision | ||
| + | |journal=Can Med Assoc J | ||
| + | |date=1927-07 | ||
| + | |volume=17 | ||
| + | |issue=12 | ||
| + | |pages=1540-2 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC407762/pdf/canmedaj00234-0126.pdf | ||
| + | |accessdate=2019-10-26 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
Patel (1966) reported his findings on neonatal circumcision in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Patel reported on the complications experienced in a series of 100 consecutive male infants. He also reported on the incidence of circumcision at Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario. Patel reported an incidence of circumcision of 48 percent. This is for one hospital in Kingston, ON but has been widely cited as the rate for all Canada.<ref>{{REFjournal | Patel (1966) reported his findings on neonatal circumcision in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Patel reported on the complications experienced in a series of 100 consecutive male infants. He also reported on the incidence of circumcision at Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario. Patel reported an incidence of circumcision of 48 percent. This is for one hospital in Kingston, ON but has been widely cited as the rate for all Canada.<ref>{{REFjournal | ||
| Line 20: | Line 34: | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| − | Canada, like other English-speaking nations formerly circumcised most of its boys, with circumcision rates in the | + | Canada, like other English-speaking nations formerly circumcised most of its boys, with circumcision rates in the 40 to 70 percent range in the 1960s.<ref>{{REFjournal |
|last=Wirth | |last=Wirth | ||
|first=John L. | |first=John L. | ||
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|accessdate=2019-10-25 | |accessdate=2019-10-25 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Position statements of medical societies.== | ==Position statements of medical societies.== | ||
| − | The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] took a position against non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in 1975, declaring it to have "no medical indication" and to be an "obsolete operation".<ref>{{REFjournal | + | The [[Canadian Paediatric Society]] took a position against non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in 1975, declaring it to have "no medical indication" and to be an "obsolete operation".<ref name="cps1975">{{REFjournal |
|last=Swyer | |last=Swyer | ||
|first=PR | |first=PR | ||
| Line 84: | Line 96: | ||
|DOI= | |DOI= | ||
|accessdate=2019-10-25 | |accessdate=2019-10-25 | ||
| + | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The CPS revisited circumcision in 1996 and recommended, "Circumcision should not be routinely performed."<ref name="cps1996">{{REFjournal | ||
| + | |last=Outerbridge | ||
| + | |first= | ||
| + | |author-link= | ||
| + | |last2= | ||
| + | |first2= | ||
| + | |author2-link= | ||
| + | |last3= | ||
| + | |first3= | ||
| + | |author3-link= | ||
| + | |last4= | ||
| + | |first4= | ||
| + | |author4-link= | ||
| + | |last5= | ||
| + | |first5= | ||
| + | |author5-link= | ||
| + | |last6= | ||
| + | |first6= | ||
| + | |author6-link= | ||
| + | |last7= | ||
| + | |first7= | ||
| + | |author7-link= | ||
| + | |last8= | ||
| + | |first8= | ||
| + | |author8-link= | ||
| + | |last9= | ||
| + | |first9= | ||
| + | |author9-link= | ||
| + | |etal=yes | ||
| + | |title=Neonatal circumcision revisited | ||
| + | |trans-title= | ||
| + | |language= | ||
| + | |journal=Can Med Assoc J | ||
| + | |location= | ||
| + | |date=1996-03-15 | ||
| + | |volume=154 | ||
| + | |issue=6 | ||
| + | |pages=769-80 | ||
| + | |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1487803/ | ||
| + | |quote= | ||
| + | |pubmedID=8634956 | ||
| + | |pubmedCID=1487803 | ||
| + | |DOI= | ||
| + | |accessdate=2019-10-26 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Availability of third-party payment== | ||
Canada has fourteen single-payer health insurance plans — one for each of the ten provinces and three territories and a 14th plan for government employees. The British Columbia HIP stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision in the 1980s. One by one, all other HIPs have stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision. Third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcision is not presently available anywhere in Canada. | Canada has fourteen single-payer health insurance plans — one for each of the ten provinces and three territories and a 14th plan for government employees. The British Columbia HIP stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision in the 1980s. One by one, all other HIPs have stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision. Third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcision is not presently available anywhere in Canada. | ||
{{REF}} | {{REF}} | ||
Revision as of 16:25, 26 October 2019
Construction Site
This article is work in progress and not yet part of the free encyclopedia IntactiWiki.
The status of non-therapeutic circumcision in Canada has been poorly reported. This page is an attempt to correct that situation.
Contents
History
Non-therapeutic circumcision of children is offensive to many Canadian minorities. The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favor circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the culture of Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population).
Pirie (1927), in a presentation to the Canadian Society for the Study of Diseases of Children, described circumcision as "very common".[1]
Patel (1966) reported his findings on neonatal circumcision in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Patel reported on the complications experienced in a series of 100 consecutive male infants. He also reported on the incidence of circumcision at Kingston General Hospital in Kingston, Ontario. Patel reported an incidence of circumcision of 48 percent. This is for one hospital in Kingston, ON but has been widely cited as the rate for all Canada.[2]
Canada, like other English-speaking nations formerly circumcised most of its boys, with circumcision rates in the 40 to 70 percent range in the 1960s.[3]
Position statements of medical societies.
The Canadian Paediatric Society took a position against non-therapeutic circumcision of boys in 1975, declaring it to have "no medical indication" and to be an "obsolete operation".[4]
The CPS revisited circumcision in 1996 and recommended, "Circumcision should not be routinely performed."[5]
Availability of third-party payment
Canada has fourteen single-payer health insurance plans — one for each of the ten provinces and three territories and a 14th plan for government employees. The British Columbia HIP stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision in the 1980s. One by one, all other HIPs have stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision. Third-party payment for non-therapeutic circumcision is not presently available anywhere in Canada.
References
- ↑
Pirie, George R.. The story of circumcision. Can Med Assoc J. July 1927; 17(12): 1540-2. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
- ↑ Patel, Hawa. The problem of routine infant circumcision. Can Med Assoc J. 1066; 95: 576-81. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ↑ Wirth, John L.. Current circumcision practices: Canada. Pediatrics. 1980; 66(5): 705-8. PMID. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ↑ Swyer, PR, Boston, RW, Murdock, A, Paré, C, Rees, E, Segal, S, Sinclair, JC. FN 75 Circumcision in the newborn period. CPS News Bull Suppl. 1975; 8(2): 1-2. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ↑ Outerbridge, et al. Neonatal circumcision revisited. Can Med Assoc J. 15 March 1996; 154(6): 769-80. PMID. PMC. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
