Changes

'''Circumcised''' is the [https://www.wordnik.com/words/participle participle] of the verb ''to circumcise''. It functions as an adjective applied to the incomplete [[penis]] and to males with an incomplete [[penis]], which has had an essential, functional part (the [[foreskin]]) excised, resulting in a condition of male genital mutilation ([[MGM]]). Circumcised males have a life-long loss of [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions|physiological functions]]. Most experience [[Psychological issues of male circumcision|behavioral changes]].

''== Circumcised'' is a Biblical term. It occurs 43 times in the Bible. The first occurrence is in Genesis 17:10. It also is used as a noun to refer to the Hebrews.males ==

Circumcised males experience physical and psychic [[trauma]] and have a life-long loss of various [[Foreskin#Physiological_functions|physiological functions]]. All have a physical [[circumcision scar]].  Psychic scars are not visible, but most experience [[Psychological issues of male circumcision|behavioral changes]]. ''Denial of loss'' is common.<ref name="hill2017">{{REFjournal |last=Hill |first= |init=G |author-link=George Hill |title=The case against circumcision |journal=Journal of Men's Health and Gender |date=2007 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=318-23 |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=04ace5046cc27f01b8fbe4aa359c059778983912 |quote= |format=PDF |accessdate=2023-10-01}}</ref> Circumcised men who become fathers may exhibit [[adamant father syndrome]]. Circumcised males lack a [[foreskin]] and do not have a [[preputial sac]]. Circumcised males may experience tight and painful [[erection]] and are more likely to have excess hair on the shaft of the [[penis]]. Circumcised males lose most or all of their [[gliding action]].<ref name="spratling1895">{{REFjournal |last=Spratling |init=EJ |author-link= |last2= |init2= |author2-link= |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/9a247c3410d34390e418dc970faa3b87/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40146 |title=Masturbation in the Adult |journal=Medical Record |date=1895 |volume= |issue= |pages=442-3 |accessdate=2023-08-06}}</ref> Most circumcised males experience a [[Masturbation#Circumcised_penis| masturbation]] handicap.<ref name="spratling1895" /> <ref name="kimpang2007">{{KimDS PangMG 2007}}</ref> Laumann et al. (1997) reported, "circumcised men engage in a more elaborated set of sexual practices."<ref name="Laumann1997">{{REFjournal |last=Laumann |init=EO |last2=Masi |init2=CM |last3=Zuckerman |init3=EW |title=Circumcision in the United States: prevalence, prophylactic effects, and sexual practice |journal=JAMA |volume=277 |issue=13 |pages=1052-1057 |url=http://www.circs.org/library/laumann/ |quote= |pubmedID=9091693 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1001/jama.277.13.1052 |date=1997-04-02 |accessdate=2023-10-30}}</ref> Circumcised males may have more difficulty with penetration.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Taves |first= |init=DR |author-link= |etal=no |title=The intromission function of the foreskin |trans-title= |language= |journal=Med Hypotheses |location= |date=2002-08 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=180-2 |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/taves1/ |archived= |quote=Repeated measurements showed a 10-fold reduction of force on entry with an initially unretracted foreskin as compared to entry with a retracted foreskin. |pubmedID=12208206 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1016/s0306-9877(02)00250-5 |accessdate=2024-04-10}}</ref> Surprisingly, many circumcised men are ignorant of their [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ lost function]. They may not know that they are circumcised. Many men cannot recognize their [[circumcision scar]] as a scar.<ref>{{REFbook |last=Bigelow, Ph.D |first=Jim |init= |author-link=Jim Bigelow |year=1995 |title=The Joy of Uncircumcising |url= |work= |editor= |edition=Second Edition |volume= |chapter=Psychological factors related to infant circumcision |scope=242 |page=110 |pages= |location=Aptos |publisher=Hourglass |ISBN=0-934061-22-X |quote= |accessdate=2023-08-13 |note=}}</ref> They frequently believe the fraudulent claims of health benefits and count themselves fortunate to be circumcised! Others may be in ''denial of loss'' — the first stage of grief.  For the longer term, non-surgical [[foreskin restoration]] may help to improve sensation. ==Etymology==''Circumcised'' is a Biblical term. It occurs 43 times in the Bible. The first occurrence is in Genesis 17:10. It also is used as a noun to refer to the Hebrews. ==Legal opinion==Family Court Judge Sir James Munby ruled in the case of [[Re B and G (children) (No 2) EWFC 3| B & G]] that excision of the functional [[foreskin]] of the [[penis ]] constituted "significant harm''".<ref>{{REFweb |title=Re B and G (Children) (No 2) [2015] &#93; EWFC 3, [ |url=https://www.familylaw.co.uk/news_and_comment/re-b-and-g-children-no-2-2015-ewfc-3 |date=2015]-01-14 |accessdate=2022-06-10}}</ref>