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→Physiological Phimosis: insert sub-headings
Even though the data from Jakob Øster's studies (see above) have been known for 45 years, some check lists for school doctors‘ examinations still erroneously refer to physiological phimosis as an abnormality.
====Manual stretching====
The growth and hormonal surge during puberty alter both the size and size ratio of the penis and penile skin significantly. Also, the first masturbations aid the process of stretching of the skin and detachment of remaining adhesions.
substances, success rates of 80-90% have been documented.
<ref>Orsola A, Caffaratti J, Garat JM. Conservative treatment of [[phimosis]] in children using a topical steroid. ''Urology'' 2000;56(2):307-10.</ref>
<ref>Ashfield JE, Nickel KR, Siemens DR,''et al''. Treatment of [[phimosis]] with topical steroids in 194 children. ''J Urol.'' 2003;169(3):1106-8.</ref>
<ref>Pileggi Fde O, Vicente YA. Phimotic ring topical corticoid cream (0.1% mometasone furoate) treatment in children. ''J Pediatr Surg''. 2007 Oct;42(10):1749-52.</ref>
<ref>Ghysel C, Vander Eeckt K, Bogaert GA.Long-term efficiency of skin stretching and a topical corticoid cream application for unretractable foreskin and [[phimosis]] in prepubertal boys. ''Urol Int''. 2009;82(1):81-8.</ref>
<ref>Reddy S, Jain V, Dubey M, Deshpande P, Singal AK. Local steroid therapy as the first line treatment For for boyswith symptomatic [[Phimosis|phimosis]] - A Long Term Prospective Studylong term prospective study. ''Acta Paediatr''. 2011 Nov 21. [Epub ahead of print]</ref>
Should those therapies not yield the desired outcomes, there is a surgical option, namely a preputioplasty.
====Preputioplasty====
This surgical method preserves the foreskin. A good cosmetic result and total preservation of the foreskin are achieved. The basic principle of most of those methods consists of making one or more small longitudinal incisions, and then suturing the wound or wounds transversely.