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{{Construction Site}} In males, '''[[circumcision]]''' consists of removing the [[prepuce ]] of the [[penis ]] (the [[foreskin]]). Circumcision is practiced on young Muslim boys (known as [[Khitan (circumcision)|''khitan'']]) and on newborn Jewish infants (known as ''[[brit milahBrit Milah]]''), as well as on non-Jewish or Muslim infants in the [[United States ]] as a hospital procedure.<ref>{{REFjournal
<ref name="Auto22-28">{{REFjournal |last=Hart-Cooper |first=Geoffrey D. |init=GD |last2=Tao |first2=Guoyu |init2=G |last3=Stock |first3=Jeffrey A. |init3=JA |last4=Hoover |first4=Karen W. |init4=KW |date=2014-11 |title=Circumcision of privately insured males aged 0 to 18 years in the United States |journal=Pediatrics |volume=134 |issue=5 |pages=950–956 |DOI=10.1542/peds.2014-1007 |ISSN=1098-4275 |pubmedID=25332502SEEALSO}}</ref>* [[Global Circumcision Statistics and Estimates]]<ref name="Auto22-29">{{REFjournal |last=Introcaso |first=Camille E. |init=CE |last2=Xu |first2=Fujie |init2=F |last3=Kilmarx |first3=Peter H. |init3=PH |last4=Zaidi |first4=Akbar |init4=A |last5=Markowitz |first5=Lauri E. |init5=LE |date=2013-07 |title=Prevalence of circumcision among men and boys aged 14 to 59 years in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010 |journal=Sexually Transmitted Diseases |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=521–525 |DOI=10.1097/01.OLQ.0000430797.56499.0d |ISSN=1537-4521 |pubmedCID=23965763REF}}</ref>
{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}
wikify countries
|last=Wiswell
|first=Thomas E.
|language=en-us
|accessdate=2019-08-31
}}</ref> Jacobsen et al. (2021) used data from 2003 through 2016 from the Kid's Inpatient Database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to compare [[intact]] with [[circumcised]] boys in the first 28 days of life. The authors reported a gradual declining trend in the incidence of neonatal non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] throughout the study period. The overall incidence of circumcision decreased from 57.4 percent in 2003 to 52.1 percent in 2016 over the 13 year study period or 5.3 percentage points for an average decrease of 0.4 percentage point per year. The author noted "neonatal circumcision rates decreased significantly over time."<ref name="jacobson2021">{{REFjournal |last=Jacobson |first=Deborah L. |init= |author-link= |last2=Balmert |first2=Lauren C. |init2= |author2-link= |last3=Holl |first3=Jane L. |init3= |author3-link= |last4=Rosoklija |first4=Ilina |init4= |author4-link= |last5=Davis |first5=Matthew M. |init5= |author5-link= |last6=Johnson |first6Emilie K. |init6= |author6-link= |etal=no |title=Nationwide Circumcision Trends: 2003 to 2016 |trans-title= |language= |journal=J Urol |location= |date=2021-01 |volume=205 |issue=1 |article= |pages=257-63 |url=https://www.auajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |pubmedID=32716676 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1097/JU.0000000000001316 |accessdate=2023-06-22}}</ref> It used to be, but is no longer, a common procedure in [[Australia]]<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.circinfo.org/statistics.html
|title=Australian circumcision statistics {{!}} Circinfo.org
}}</ref>
* '''Type 1''' ([[clitoridectomy]]) is the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]]; "in very rare cases", according to the WHO, it involves removal of the [[clitoral hood]] only (the prepuce, or [[skin ]] around the [[clitoral glans]]).* '''Type 2''' ([[excision]]) is the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]], [[labia minora|inner labia]], and sometimes the [[labia majora|outer labia]].* '''Type 3''' ([[infibulation]]) is the removal of the inner and outer labia and the creation of a seal over the [[vagina]] by stitching the two sides or by otherwise allowing them to bond, leaving a small hole for the passage of [[urine ]] and menstrual blood; this is performed with and without [[clitoridectomy]].
* '''Type 4''' is "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area".<ref name=WHO2019/>
== Table ==
{{Rank |rows={{TRC|tableno=2|ignore=2}} |header-lines=2 |caption='''Prevalence of genital cutting by sex, age and country'''<ref group="Notes">Mostly all international data, including that republished by the other two most cited sources here, Morris et al. (2016)<!--<ref name=":3"/>--> and [[UNICEF]],<!--<ref name=":8"/>--> for circumcision and FGM respectively, is from [[USAID]]'s [[Demographic and Health Surveys]]. Wherever possible, the primary, rather than the secondary, source is cited. The prevalence rates reflect the most recent surveys available, and are adjusted for sample biases against age distributions. Cells aggregating data across sexes and ages are without citation and are estimated from segmented data along with each country's age distributions and [[List of countries by sex ratio|sex ratio]]. Data missing or unavailable for FGM is denoted by {{'''N/a}}A'''. Data without citation for prevalence of circumcision among boys aged 0–14 is copied from sourced data for males aged 15 and older, as mostly all ritual circumcisions are done either in childhood, right before puberty (e.g. Islam) or days after birth (e.g. Islam and Judaism).</ref>}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Bosnia and HerzegovinaBelgium}}|{{decimal cell|4122.6}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-6" >{{REFjournal |last=Bronselaer |first=Guy A. |last2=Schober |first2=Justine M. |last3=Meyer-Bahlburg |first3=Heino F. L. |last4=T'Sjoen |first4=Guy |last5=Vlietinck |first5=Robert |last6=Hoebeke |first6=Piet B. |date=2013-05 |title=Male circumcision decreases penile sensitivity as measured in a large cohort |journal=BJU Int |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=820–7 |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11761.x |issn=1464-410X |pubmedID=23374102 |s2cid=25379775}}</ref> 4122.6}}
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|colspan{{decimal cell|<ref name="2:8" >{{NREFweb |url=https://data.unicef.org/topic/achild-protection/female-genital-mutilation/ |title=Female genital mutilation |website=[[UNICEF]] DATA |language=en-US |accessdate=2019-05-22}}</ref> 0.2}}|colspan{{decimal cell|<ref name="2:8" {{N/a> 9}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Cabo VerdeBotswana}}|{{decimal cell|015.1}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-7" /> 0.1}}{{REFjournal |{{no}}last=Ayiga |colspaninit="2" {{N/a |last2=Letamo |init2=G |date=2011-12 |title=Impact of male circumcision on HIV risk compensation through the impediment of condom use in Botswana |journal=African Health Sciences |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=550–559 |ISSN=1729-0503 |pubmedCID=3362967 |pubmedID=22649434}}|colspan</ref><ref name="2:4" >{{REFjournal |last=Andersson |first=Neil |init=N/a}} |last2=Cockcroft |first2=Anne |init2=A |{{yes}}date=2012 |title=Male circumcision, attitudes to HIV prevention and HIV status: a cross-sectional study in Botswana, Namibia and Swaziland |alignjournal=leftAIDS Care |{{Flagvolume=24 |Cambodia}}issue=3 |{{decimal cellpages=301–309 |2DOI=10.1080/09540121.1}}2011.608793 |ISSN=1360-0451 |{{decimal cellpubmedCID=3379742 |pubmedID=21933035}}</ref name=":0" /> 215.1}}
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|{{decimal cell |<ref name="auto2:0">{{REFnews |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-colombia-girls-fgm-idUSKBN0LA2FX20150206 |title=Colombia's Embera tribe hopes to eradicate FGM by 2030 |date=2015-02-06 |website=Reuters |accessdate=2019-10-11 |language=en}}</ref> 01.475}}|{{decimal cell |<ref name="auto2:8"/> 0.471}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Comoros[[Canada]]}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 10031.09}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":06" /> 99Public Health Agency of Canada.5}}|{{no}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto">[[Prevalence of female genital mutilation by country#Border|UK Border Agency]], phttp://www.phac-aspc.gc. 20<ca/rhs-ssg/ref> 0}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="auto"pdf/> 0}}|{{yes}}|tab-|align=left|{{Flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of}}|{{decimal cell|eng.pdf What Mothers Say]. Data Tables to The Maternity Experiences Survey (MES) 2006–2007. Table 38. 2011. p.267.<ref name=":0" /> 95.2}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":0" /> 9731.29}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Cook IslandsCentral African Republic}}|{{decimal cell|9563.0}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":32" /> 95}}|{{no}}REFjournal |colspanlast="2" {{N/a}}Williams |colspanfirst="2" {{N/a}}Brian G. |{{yes}}init=BG |last2=Lloyd-Smith |first2=James O. |init2=JO |last3=Gouws |first3=Eleanor |init3=E |alignlast4=leftHankins |{{Flagfirst4=Catherine |Costa Rica}}init4=C |{{decimal celllast5=Getz |0first5=Wayne M.15}} |init5=WM |last6=Hargrove |first6=John |init6=J |last7=de Zoysa |first7=Isabelle |init7=I |last8=Dye |first8=Christopher |{{decimal cellinit8=C |<ref namelast9=":3" /> 0.15}}Auvert |{{no}}first9=Bertran |colspaninit9="2" {{N/a}}B |colspanauthor9-link="2" {{N/a}}Bertran Auvert |{{yes}}date=2006-07 |title=The potential impact of male circumcision on HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa |alignjournal=leftPLoS Medicine |{{Flagvolume=3 |Côte d'Ivoire}}issue=7 |{{decimal cellpages=e262 |<ref nameDOI=":0" 10.1371/> 94journal.pmed.0}}0030262 |ISSN=1549-1676 |{{decimal cellpubmedCID=1489185 |pubmedID=16822094}}</ref name=":0" /> 9663.70}}|{{no}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8" /> 101}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":8" /> 3724}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan{{decimal cell|<ref name="2:8" {{N/a> 10}}|colspan{{decimal cell|<ref name="2:8" {{N/a> 38}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Curacao[[China]]}}|{{decimal cell|14.0.07}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-9" >{{REFjournal |last=Sullivan |first=Sheena G. |init=SG |last2=Ma |first2=Wei |init2=W |last3=Duan |first3=Song |init3=S |last4=Li |first4=Fan |init4=F |last5=Wu |first5=Zunyou |init5=Z |last6=Detels |first6=Roger |init6=R |date=2009-02-01 |title=Attitudes towards circumcision among Chinese men |journal=Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=238–240 |DOI=10.1097/QAI.0b013e31818d5e27 |ISSN=1525-4135 |pubmedID=19155772}}</ref> 14.0.07}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|South KoreaHong Kong}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-19" /> 22.228}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-1916">{{REFjournal |last=Wang |first=Zixin |init=Z |last2=Lau |first2=Joseph T. F. |init2=JTF |last3=Gu |first3=Jing |init3=J |date=2012-10 |title=Acceptability of circumcision among clients of female sex worker in Hong Kong |journal=AIDS and Behavior |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=1836–1845 |DOI=10.1007/s10461-011-0088-7 |ISSN=1573-3254 |pubmedID=22080385}}</ref> 81.628}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|LithuaniaJamaica}}|{{decimal cell|14.0.2}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3Auto22-17" /> 0{{REFjournal |last=Walcott |first=Melonie M.2}} |init=MM |last2=Jolly |{{no}}first2=Pauline E. |colspaninit2="2" {{N/a}}PE |colspanlast3="2" {{N/a}}Ehiri |{{yes}}first3=John E. |-init3=JE |alignlast4=leftFunkhouser |{{Flagfirst4=Ellen |Luxembourg}}init4=E |{{decimal celllast5=Kempf |2first5=Mirjam C.4}} |init5=MC |last6=Hickman |first6=Deborah |init6=D |last7=Aung |{{decimal cellfirst7=Maung |<ref nameinit7=":3" /> 2.4}}M |{{no}}last8=Zhang |colspanfirst8="2" {{N/a}}Kui |colspaninit8="2" {{N/a}}K |{{yes}}date=2013 |-title=Factors associated with the acceptability of male circumcision among men in Jamaica |alignjournal=leftPLOS ONE |{{Flagvolume=8 |Macau}}issue=9 |{{decimal cellpages=e75074 |0DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.1}}0075074 |ISSN=1932-6203 |pubmedCID=3774608 |{{decimal cellpubmedID=24066164 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...875074W}}</ref name=":3" /> 14.0.1}}
|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|PalauMexico}}|{{decimal cell|9515.4}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":35" /> 95}}{{REFjournal |last=Albero |first=Ginesa |init=G |{{no}}last2=Castellsagué |colspanfirst2="2" {{N/a}}Xavier |colspaninit2="2" {{N/a}}X |{{yes}}last3=Lin |first3=Hui-Yi |aligninit3=leftHY |{{Flaglast4=Fulp |first4=William |Panama}}init4=W |{{decimal celllast5=Villa |1first5=Luisa L.0}} |init5=LL |last6=Lazcano-Ponce |first6=Eduardo |init6=E |last7=Papenfuss |first7=Mary |init7=M |last8=Abrahamsen |first8=Martha |init8=M |last9=Salmerón |first9=Jorge |init9=J |{{decimal celldate=2014-02-10 |<ref nametitle="Male circumcision and the incidence and clearance of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men:3" the HPV Infection in men (HIM) cohort study |journal=BMC Infectious Diseases |volume=14 |pages=75 |DOI=10.1186/1471-2334-14-75 |ISSN=1471-2334 |pubmedCID=3925013 |pubmedID=24517172}}</ref> 115.04}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Saint Kitts[[New Zealand]]}}|{{decimal cell|<ref>{{REFbook |title=A guide for parents |last= |first= |publisher=The Royal Australasian College of Physicians |year= |isbn= |location=Sydney, Australia |pages= |quote=There are fewer boys being circumcised in Australia and New Zealand in recent years than in the past. Currently, only 10-20% of boys in Australia and less than 10 % of boys in New Zealand are circumcised.}}</ref> 10.0.3}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-20">{{REFjournal |last=Fergusson |first=David M. |init=DM |last2=Boden |first2=Joseph M. |init2=JM |last3=Horwood |first3=L. John |init3=LJ |date=2006-11 |title=Circumcision status and risk of sexually transmitted infection in young adult males:3" an analysis of a longitudinal birth cohort |journal=Pediatrics |volume=118 |issue=5 |pages=1971–1977 |DOI=10.1542/peds.2006-1175 |ISSN=1098-4275 |pubmedID=17079568}}</ref> 33.0.3}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|align=left|{{Flag|Turks and Caicos IslandsSlovenia}}|{{decimal cell|08.15}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-21">{{REFjournal |last=Klavs |init=I |last2=Hamers |init2=FF |date=2008-02 |title=Male circumcision in Slovenia:3" results from a national probability sample survey |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |volume=84 |issue=1 |pages=49–50 |DOI=10.1136/sti.2007.027524 |ISSN=1472-3263 |pubmedID=17881413}}</ref> 08.15}}
|{{no}}
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|{{yes}}
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|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":3" /> 95}}
|{{no}}
|colspan="2" {{N/a}}
|{{yes}}
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|-|align=left|{{Flag|Tanzania}}|{{Enddecimal cell|80.4}} ==Notes==|{{decimal cell|<references groupref name="Notes:0"/>80.4}} |{{REFno}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name=":08"/>0.4}}|{{REFweb decimal cell|url<ref name=https":8"//www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm> 10}}|{{yes}} |title=The DHS Program - Data |websitealign=www.dhsprogram.comleft|{{Flag|Thailand}} |access-date=2019-05-30{{decimal cell|11.9}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-124">{{REFjournal |last=ICFTieu |last2first=Health/AfghanistanHong-Van |first2init=Ministry of PublicHV |last3last2=Organization/AfghanistanPhanuphak |first3first2=Central StatisticsNittaya |dateinit2=2017-01-01N |titlelast3=Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey 2015Ananworanich |urlfirst3=https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-FR323-DHS-Final-Reports.cfmJintanat |languageinit3=enJ}}</ref> |last4=Vatanparast<ref name |first4=":3">{{REFjournalRana |lastinit4=MorrisR |firstlast5=Brian J.Jadwattanakul |initfirst5=BJTanate |author-linkinit5=Brian J. MorrisT |last2last6=WamaiPharachetsakul |first2first6=Richard G.Nutthasun |init2init6=RGN |last3last7=HenebengMingkwanrungrueng |first3first7=Esther B.Pravit |init3init7=EBP |last4last8=TobianBuajoom |first4first8=Aaron A. R.Raksakul |init4init8=AARR |author4-linklast9=Aaron TobianTeeratakulpisarn |last5first9=KlausnerSomsong |first5init9=Jeffrey D.S |init5date=JD2010-06 |last6title=BanerjeeAcceptability of male circumcision for the prevention of HIV among high-risk heterosexual men in Thailand |first6journal=JoyaSexually Transmitted Diseases |init6volume=J37 |last7issue=Hankins6 |first7pages=Catherine A.352–355 |init7DOI=CA10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c9963a |dateISSN=2016-041537-044521 |titlepubmedID=Erratum to: Estimation of country-specific and global prevalence of male circumcision20145588 |journal=Population Health Metrics}}</ref> 11.9}} |volume=14{{no}} |pagescolspan=11 |DOI=10.1186"2" {{N/s12963-016-0080-6a}} |ISSNcolspan=1478-7954"2" {{N/a}} |pubmedCID=4820865{{yes}}|- |pubmedIDalign=27051352left|{{Flag|Timor-Leste}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-2:0"/>6.9}}|{{REFweb decimal cell|url<ref name=http":0"//medicarestatistics> 9.humanservices.gov.au/statistics/do.jsp?_PROGRAM=%2Fstatistics%2Fmbs_item_standard_report&DRILL=ag&group=30653%2C30654%2C30656%2C30658%2C30659%2C30660%09%09%09%09&VAR=services&STAT=count&RPT_FMT=by+time+period+and+state&PTYPE=calyear&START_DT=199401&END_DT=2020121}} |title=Medicare Australia - Statistics - Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) Item Statistics{{no}} |websitecolspan=medicarestatistics.humanservices.gov.au"2" {{N/a}} |accessdatecolspan=2019-05-30}}<"2" {{N/ref>a}}<ref name="Auto22-3">|{{REFwebyes}}|- |urlalign=https://www.abs.gov.au/Populationleft|{{Flag|Togo}} |title=Population {{decimal cell|date<ref name=2019-05-31":0"/> 98.7}} |website=www.abs.gov.au {{decimal cell|publisher<ref name=Australian Bureau of Statistics":0"/> 97.8}} |language=en{{no}} |accessdate{{decimal cell|<ref name=2019-05-31":8"/> 0.3}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-4:8"/>5}}|{{REFjournal{yes}} |last=Ferris- |firstalign=Jason A. left|{{Flag|init=JATokelau}} |last2=Richters{{decimal cell|95}} |first2=Juliet {{decimal cell|init2<ref name=J":3"/> 95}} |last3=Pitts{{no}} |first3colspan=Marian K."2" {{N/a}} |init3colspan=MK |last4=Shelley"2" {{N/a}} |first4=Julia M.{{yes}} |init4=JM- |last5align=Simpson left|first5=Judy M.{{Flag|Tonga}} |init5=JM {{decimal cell|last6=Ryall95}} |first6=Richard {{decimal cell|init6<ref name=R":3"/> 95}} |last7=Smith{{no}} |first7colspan=Anthony M. A."2" {{N/a}} |init7colspan=AMA"2" {{N/a}}|{{yes}} |date=2010-04 |titlealign=Circumcision in Australia: further evidence on its effects on sexual health and wellbeing left|{{Flag|journal=Australian Trinidad and New Zealand Journal of Public HealthTobago}} |volume=34 {{decimal cell|issue=25.8}} |pages=160–164 {{decimal cell|DOI<ref name=10.1111":3"/j> 5.1753-6405.2010.00501.x8}} |ISSN=1753-6405{{no}} |pubmedIDcolspan=23331360}}<"2" {{N/ref>a}}<ref name|colspan="Auto22-52">{{REFjournalN/a}} |last=Sabin{{yes}} |init=KM- |last2align=Rahman left|{{Flag|init2=MTunisia}} |last3=Hawkes {{decimal cell|init3=S99.8}} |last4{{decimal cell|<ref name=Ahsan":3"/> 99.8}} |init4=K{{no}} |last5colspan=Begum"2" {{N/a}} |init5colspan=L |last6=Black"2" {{N/a}} |init6=RE{{yes}} |last7=Baqui- |init7align=AHleft|{{Flag|Turkey}} |date=2003-09{{decimal cell|98.6}} |title=Sexually transmitted infections prevalence rates in slum communities of Dhaka, Bangladesh {{decimal cell|journal<ref name=International Journal of STD & AIDS":3"/> 98.6}} |volume=14{{no}} |issuecolspan=9 |pages=614–621"2" {{N/a}} |DOIcolspan=10.1258"2" {{N/095646203322301077a}}|{{yes}} |ISSN=0956-4624 |pubmedIDalign=14511498left|{{Flag|Turkmenistan}}|{{decimal cell|93.4}}</ref>|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-6:3"/>93.4}}|{{REFjournalno}} |lastcolspan=Bronselaer"2" {{N/a}} |firstcolspan=Guy A."2" {{N/a}} |init=GA{{yes}} |last2=Schober- |first2align=Justine M. left|{{Flag|init2=JMTurks and Caicos Islands}} |last3=Meyer-Bahlburg {{decimal cell|first3=Heino F. 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|datelast3=2011-12Stock |titlefirst3=Impact of male circumcision on HIV risk compensation through the impediment of condom use in BotswanaJeffrey A. |journalinit3=African Health SciencesJA |volumelast4=11Hoover |issuefirst4=4Karen W. |pagesinit4=550–559KW |ISSNdate=17292014-050311 |pubmedCIDtitle=3362967Circumcision of privately insured males aged 0 to 18 years in the United States |pubmedIDjournal=22649434Pediatrics}}</ref><ref name |volume=":4">{{REFjournal134 |lastissue=Andersson5 |firstpages=Neil950–956 |initDOI=N10.1542/peds.2014-1007 |last2ISSN=Cockcroft1098-4275 |first2pubmedID=Anne |init2=A25332502}}</ref> 52.1}}|{{decimal cell|<ref name="Auto22-29">{{REFjournal |datelast=2012Introcaso |titlefirst=Male circumcision, attitudes to HIV prevention and HIV status: a cross-sectional study in Botswana, Namibia and SwazilandCamille E. |journalinit=AIDS CareCE |volumelast2=24Xu |issuefirst2=3Fujie |pagesinit2=301–309F |DOIlast3=10.1080/09540121.2011.608793Kilmarx |ISSNfirst3=1360-0451Peter H. |pubmedCIDinit3=3379742PH |pubmedIDauthor3-link=21933035Peter Kilmarx}}</ref><ref name |last4="Auto22-8">{{REFjournalZaidi |lastfirst4=KorkesAkbar |firstinit4=FernandoA |initlast5=FMarkowitz |last2first5=SilvaLauri E. |first2init5=Jarques Lucio |init2=JL |last3=Pompeo |first3=Antonio Carlos Lima |init3=ACLLE |date=20122013-07 |title=Circumcisions for medical reasons in the Brazilian public health system: epidemiology Prevalence of circumcision among men and boys aged 14 to 59 years in the United States, National Health and trendsNutrition Examination Surveys 2005-2010 |journal=Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)Sexually Transmitted Diseases |volume=1040 |issue=37 |pages=342–346 |ISSN=2317-6385 |pubmedID=23386015521–525 |DOI=10.15901097/S167901.OLQ.0000430797.56499.0d |ISSN=1537-450820120003000154521 |pubmedCID=23965763}}</ref>68}}|{{no}}<ref name|colspan=":62">Public Health Agency of Canada. 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{{DEFAULTSORT:Genital cutting, list of countries}}
[[Category:Genital modification and mutilation]]