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The '''Ninth International Symposium''' on Circumcision, Genital Integrity, and Human Rights convened in [https://www.washington.edu/classroom/JHN+102 Johnson Hall] at the [http://www.washington.edu/ {{UNI|University of Washington]|UW}}, Seattle, Washington{{USSC|WA}}, USA on August 24-26, 2006.

* '''Zachary Androus''', {{BA}}, {{MA}}, and {{PhD }} Candidate in Race, Gender, and Social Justice, {{UNI|American University|AU}}, teaches anthropology at the {{UNI|Istituto Lorenzo de ' Medici University|LdM}}, Florence, Italy.* '''Suzanne Arms''' is an author, photojournalist, filmmaker, and founder and director of Birth the Future. Bayfield, {{USSC|CO}}.* '''[[Peter Ball]]''', {{MA}}, MB, B.Chir., retired family practitioner, is Vice Chairman, NORM-UK, and producer and director, non-surgical foreskin restoration video. Turnbridge Wells, Kent, UK.* '''David Chamberlain''', {{PhD}}, is a psychologist, pioneer in prenatal and birth psychology, and author. Nevada City, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[Georganne Chapin]]''', MS, {{JD}}, is President and CEO of Hudson Health Plan and adjunct faculty member, {{UNI|Pace University |PACE}} School of Law. Terrytown, {{USSC|NY}}, USA.* '''[[John Dalton]]''', a biochemist with an MSc {{MS}} in Radiation Biophysics, is the archivist and researcher for NORM-UK. Stone, Staffordshire, UK.

* '''Marie Fox''', LL.B, {{PhD}}, is Professor of Law, School of Law, {{UNI|Keele University |KU}} and an author. Staffordshire, UK.* '''Noel Gazzano''', medical anthropologist, received her {{PhD }} from the {{UNI|University of Firenze|UniFI}}. Florence, Italy.* '''[[John V. Geisheker| John Geisheker]]''', {{JD}}, LLM, is General Counsel and Executive Director, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]. Seattle, {{USSC|WA }}, USA.* '''[[Leonard B. Glick]]''', {{MD}}, {{PhD}}, Professor of Anthropology, Hampshire College, Amherst, {{MA }} (retired), is the author of ''Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America''. New Salem, {{USSC|MA}}, USA.* '''Jess Grant''' is a singer and writer of songs to provoke and amuse, fusing lyrical intensity with diverse pop styles and working-class ethics. Seattle, {{USSC|WA}}, USA.* '''[[Pia Grassivaro Gallo]]''', {{PhD}}, Associate Professor of Anthropology, Faculty of Psychology, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}, organized Padua’s Working Group on FGM. Padua, Italy.* '''Matthew Hess''', founder and President of San Diego-based MGMbill.org, is seeking to pass US laws that would protect boys from non-therapeutic circumcision. San Diego, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[George Hill]]''' is the Vice-President for Bioethics and Medical Science, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]]. Seattle, {{USSC|WA}}, USA.* '''[[Frederick M. Hodges| Frederick Mansfield Hodges]]''', DPhil {{PhD}} (Oxon), medical historian, author, and co-author of What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Circumcision. Berkeley, California{{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''[[Yngve Hofvander]]''', {{MD}}, is a pediatrician and Professor, International Child Health, {{UNI|Uppsala University|UU}}. Uppsala, Sweden.* '''Primus Lake''', is a Professor, {{UNI|Nusa Cendana University|Undana}}. Kupang, West Timor, Indonesia.* '''Romeo B. Lee''', is Associate Professor, Behavioural Sciences, {{UNI|De La Salle University-Manila|DLSU}}. Manila, Philippines.

* '''[[David J. Llewellyn]]''', {{BA}}, {{JD}}, a practicing attorney, representing plaintiffs in wrongful circumcision and other genital injury cases. Atlanta, Georgia{{USSC|GA}}, USA.

* '''[[Ken McGrath]]''', VRD, MSc{{MS}} (Hons), LIBiol, is Senior Lecturer in Pathology, Faculty of Health, {{UNI|Auckland University of Technology|AUT}}. Auckland, NZ.* '''Jody McLaughlin''' is editor of the ''Compleat Mother'' magazine and Director, NOCIRC of ND. Minot, {{USSC|ND}}, USA.* '''[[Marilyn Milos]]''', {{RN}}, is Director, National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) and Coordinator, International Symposia on Genital Integrity. San Anselmo, {{USSC|CA}}, USA.* '''Stephanie Mines''', {{PhD}}, is a psychologist and the author of ''We Are All in [[Shock]]: How Overwhelming Experience Shatters You and What You Can do About It'' (New Page Books, 2003). Boulder, {{USSC|CO}}, USA.* '''Debora Moro''' is a graduate in Psychology, Working Group on FGM, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}. Padua, Italy.* '''Miriam Pollack''', an educator, has been advocating for genital integrity for Jewish as well as non-Jewish baby boys for the past 15 years. Boulder, {{USSC|CO}}, USA.* '''[[Patricia Robinett]]''' is a Clinical Hypnotherapist and the author of ''The Big Ugly'' and ''The Rape of Innocence''. Eugene, {{USSC|OR}}, USA.* '''[[Steve Scott]]''', Educational Outreach Coordinator of the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers, is the Director, NOCIRC of Utah. Salt Lake City, {{USSC|UT}}, USA.* '''[[David Smith]]''' is the general manager of NORM-UK and editor of NORM NEWS. Stone, Staffordshire, UK.* '''[[James L. Snyder]]''', {{MD}}, {{FACS}}, is a Diplomate, American Board of Urology, Fellow, American College of Surgeons and Past President, Virginia Urological Society. Clifton Forge, {{USSC|VA}}, USA.* '''[[Morris L. Sorrells]]''', {{MD}}, is a retired pediatrician, consultant, and researcher. Gig Harbor, {{USSC|WA}}, USA.* '''[[J. Steven Svoboda]]''', {{JD}}, founder and Director, Attorneys for the Rights of the Child (ARC), Berkeley, California{{USSC|CA}}, USA. * '''Michael Thomson''', LL.B, {{PhD}}, is Professor of Law and Head of School, School of Law, {{UNI|Keele University |KU}} and an author. Staffordshire, UK.* '''[[Franco Viviani]]''', {{PhD}}, is Professor of Functional Anthropology, {{UNI|University of Udine|UniUD}}, Professor of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, {{UNI|University of Padua|UNIPD}}, Italy.* '''[[Rebecca Wald]]''', {{BA}}, {{JD}}, has worked as an attorney, a newspaper reporter, covering legal issues, and a newspaper and book editor. Fort Lauderdale, Florida{{USSC|FL}}, USA.* '''[[John Warren]]''', {{MA}}, MB, Bchirc, DCH, FRCP, is a retired physician and founder of NORM-UK. Harlow, Essex, UK.* '''[[Hugh Young]]''', a journalist and radio producer, created and maintains a [[human rights ]] website, www.circumstitions.com, treating [[intactness ]] rather than [[circumcision ]] as normal. Pukerua Bay, New Zealand.

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_1 The Delusional Psychologies of Circumcision and Civilization]'''

* '''[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MNRJ0YuLNBUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA32&ots=psSw93pB9S&sig=jLG9TuZBseInT9Wd-61vqCHjOOE#v=onepage&q&f=false Cultural Relativism at Home and Abroad]'''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_4 Medical Interventions on Women’s Genitals: Historical Texts and Contemporary Discourse]'''

* '''Female Genital Modifications in Malawi: A Field Research'''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_6 The Ritual Use of Herbs for Female Genital Modifications in Africa]''': ''[[Franco Viviani]]''

: ''[[Franco Viviani]]''

: ''[[James L. Snyder]]''* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_11 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Risk of Circumcised Boys]'''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_10 Conservative Management of Foreskin Problems]'''

* '''[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.06685.x Fine Touch Pressure Thresholds in the Adult Penis]''': ''[[Morris L. Sorrells]]''* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_12 Fitting In and Getting Off: Elective Adult Male Circumcision in the USA]'''

* '''“Real [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_14 "Real Men”: Foreskin Cutting and Male Identity in the Philippines]'''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_15 Filipino Male Experience of Ritual Circumcision: Perspectus and Insights for Philippine-Based Anti-Circumcision Advocacy]'''

* '''Traditional Male Circumcision in West Timor, Indonesia: Practices, Myths, and their Impact on the Spread of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS ]] and Gender Relations'''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_13 News from NORM-UK]''': ''[[John Warren]]''* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_22 Male Circumcision in Europe: Is There Anything We Can Do?]'''

: ''[[Hugh Young]]''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_18 Coding, Reporting, and Analyzing Circumcision Data]''': ''[[Georganne Chapin]]''* '''[http://www.academia.edu/download/34923142/A_Treatise_from_the_Trenches_Why_Are_Circumcision_Lawsuits_So_Hard_to_Win_2009.pdf A Treatise From the Trenches: Why Are Circumcision Lawsuits So Hard to Win?]'''

* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_20 Winning and Losing on the Circuit]'''

: ''[[John Geisheker]]''* '''[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-9167-4_21 The MGM Bill Proposals: A Legislative Strategy for Protecting US boys from Circumcision]'''

* '''[http://www.academia.edu/download/62318435/by_James_DeMeo_auth.__George_C._Denniston__Mari_2250387_z-lib.org_2020-02-14_18_57_0420200309-42293-6mjkl5.pdf#page=167 Defining What is Sacred]''': ''[[Miriam Pollack]]''* '''[http://www.beyondthebris.com/ Beyond the Bris: One Jewish Mother’s Experience]''': ''[[Rebecca Wald]]''

: ''[https://www.kosmosjournal.org/contributor/stephanie-mines/ Stephanie Mines]''

: ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Arms Suzanne Arms]''* '''[https://ttfuture.org/files/2/members/int_jp_baker.pdf Tribute to ] [[Jeannine Parvati Baker]]'''

The Symposium was sponsored by the [http://www.nocirc.org National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers] and [https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/ [Doctors Opposing Circumcision(D.O.C.)]].

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* [http://gaamerica.org/wp{{ABBR}}<!-content/uploads/2017/07/symposium-9.pdf Official Brochure of the Ninth International Symposium]{{REF}}-->