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Circumcision is the classic treatment for phimosis, but has many disadvantages and drawbacks. Circumcision is less performed today, because it is becoming outmoded by newer and better treatments.<ref name="shahid2012" />
* Circumcision is the most expensive treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998" />
* Circumcision has a long, painful, and difficult recovery. Erections are painful. Post-circumcision lymphoedema caused swelling can last for many months. Recovery time is placed at six weeks. Erections may cause sutures to pull out, thus opening the surgical wound, causing [http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/Botched9wd.html wound dehiscence]. Sexual and psychological issues abound. As with other surgery, complications are surgical misadventure, hemorrhage, and infection. Loss of the penis and [[death is rare]] are known.<ref name="shahid2012" /> <ref name="williams-kapila1993">{{REFjournal
|last=Williams
|first=Neville