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From a medical standpoint, an otherwise symptom-free [[phimosis]], even after dissolution of preputial adhesions, does not require any treatment before the child enters puberty. The widespread notion that full retractability has to be achieved by a certain age, derives from obsolete assumptions and studies which only covered children's development until they entered school, but not beyond that point.
Even though the data from [[Jakob Øster]]'s studies have been known for 51 years,<ref name="Øster1968">{{REFjournal |last= |first=Jakob |title=Further fate of the foreskin: incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys |journal=Arch Dis Child |date=1968-04-01 |volume=43 |issue= |pages=200-3 |url=httpsTemplate://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2019851/pdf/archdisch01557-0066.pdf |quote= |pubmedID=5689532 |pubmedCID=2019851 |DOI=10.1136/adc.43.228.200 |accessdate=2019-11-01Jakob_Øster_1968}}</ref> some check lists for school doctors‘ examinations still erroneously refer to physiological phimosis as an abnormality.
In most cases, only watchful waiting is necessary, not surgery or other treatment. Parental reassurance is the only treatment required.<ref name="shahid2012" />
By age 10.4 years, about 50 percent of intact boys have a retractable foreskin.<ref name="Øster1968" /> <ref name-"thorvaldsen2005">{{REFjournal
|last=Thorvaldsen
|first=M.A.
|DOI=
|accessdate=2019-11-01
}}</ref> Most of the rest develop a retractable foreskin in their teenage years.<ref name="Øster1968" /> About two percent of adult males live with a non-retractable foreskin.<ref name="shahid2012" />
If treatment is deemed necessary, the application of topical steroid ointment is the most cost-effective treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal