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The '''ridged band'''This article is under constructiona band of highly innervated wrinkly [[skin]] just inside the tip of the [[foreskin]].The term ''ridged'' is used to describe the area instead of the more commonly used term ''wrinkled''. It has, especially in regard to [[phimosis]] (and preputioplasty), been called '''preputial ring''' or '''phimotic ring''', ''ring'' being analogous to ''band'', referring to the shape, and ''preputial'' meaning ''pertaining to the [[Foreskin|prepuce]]''. More particularly, it refers to the transitional area from the external to the internal surface of the prepuce, or foreskin. The ridged band separates the outer [[skin]] of the penis from the inner [[mucosa]]. The ridged band contains nerve endings arranged at the crest of rete ridges. The nerve endings resemble [[Meissner's corpuscles]] or Krause end-bulbs.

The '''nerves of the ridged band''' is a band of highly innervated wrinkly skin just inside are believed to provide sensory input to the tip autonomic nervous system, which regulates sexual response. Because of its location, the ridged band is invariably excised if a male is [[foreskincircumcised]].  The late [[John R. Taylor]], MB, Ch.B., MRCPEd, {{FRCPC}}, a British-Canadian pathologist and biomedical researcher who practiced medicine at the [https://www.hsc.mb.ca/ Health Sciences Centre] in Winnipeg, MB, first used the term ''"ridged'' is used to describe the area band" instead of "wrinkly [[skin]]" and described the ridged band at the more commonly used term ''wrinkledSecond International Symposium on Circumcision''. It has, especially in regard to organized by [[phimosisNOCIRC]] (and preputioplasty)in San Francisco, been called '''preputial ring''' or '''phimotic ring''', ''ring'' being analogous to ''band''1991, referring to after examining the shapeforeskins of 22 adults obtained at autopsy. The mean age was 37 years, range 22–58. The prepuces were studied grossly and histologically. His research was later published by the ''preputialBritish Journal of Urology'' meaning ''pertaining to in 1996.<ref name="taylor1996">{{TaylorJR LockwoodAP TaylorAJ 1996}}</ref> ==Structure==[[Image:Ridged band magnified10x.jpeg|thumb|right|271px|Part of a ridged band under 10&times; magnification. The delicate and highly innervated [[mucosa]] features many ridges which increase sensitivity through increased surface area.]][[John R. Taylor|Taylor]] described the ridged band as a transversely ridged band of [[Foreskin|prepucemucosa]]''l tissue, located just inside the tip of the foreskin near the mucocutaneous boundary. More particularlyHe characterized the ridged band as intensely vascular and richly innervated, stating that it refers to "contains more [[Meissner's corpuscles]] than does the transitional area from smooth [[mucosa]]", and noted that these tactile corpuscles were found only in the external to crests of ridges.<ref name="taylor1996" />  ==Function==Winkelmann (1956) had previously reported that the internal surface prepuce is "a region of great sensitivity and possessed of an abundant nerve supply."<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Winkelmann |init=RK |title=The cutaneous innervation of the human newborn prepuce, or foreskin. |journal=Journal of Investigative Dermatology |date=1956 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=53-67 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/winkelmann2/ |quote= |pubmedID=13295637 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1038/jid.1956.5 |accessdate=2019-09-24}}</ref>Cold & Taylor (1999) stated:<blockquote>The ridged band separates complex interaction between the outer skin protopathic sensitivity of the corpuscular receptor-deficient glans penis from and the inner mucosa. The corpuscular receptor-rich ridged band contains nerve endings arranged at of the crest of rete ridgesmale prepuce is required for normal copulatory behaviour. The nerve endings resemble Meissner corpuscles or Krause end<ref name="cold-bulbs.taylor">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref></blockquote>

Because of Work in progress shows that [[stretching]] the prepuce and its location, the ridged band is invariably excised if a male is circumcisedtriggers reflex contraction of muscles of the bulb of penis known to be associated with ejaculation and, not insignificantly, erogenous sensation.<ref name="taylor2003">{{REFjournal |last=Taylor |first=John R. |init=JR |author-link=John R. Taylor |title=Letter |journal= Can Fam Physician |date=2003 |volume=49 |issue= |pages=1592 |url=http://www.cirp. org/library/sex_function/taylor3/ |quote= |pubmedID=14708921 |pubmedCID=2214164 |DOI= |accessdate=2019-09-28}} </ref></blockquote>

Taylor (2007) commented:<blockquote>The late range of functions of the ridged band remains uncertain but it is deeply corrugated, rich in distortion-sensitive [[Meissner's corpuscles]] and subject to the movement of muscularised [[shaft skin]] during sexual intercourse. It now seems that the concertina-like ridged band might be reflexogenic as much as fine-touch sensitive. Initial study (J.R.T. unpublished) indicates that the real importance of the ridged band to sexual intercourse lies in an ability to trigger a reflex contraction of muscles responsible for [[ejaculation]].<ref name="taylor2007A">{{REFjournal |last=Taylor |first=John R. |init=JR |author-link=John R. Taylor, MB, Ch |title=Fine touch pressure thresholds in the adult penis |journal=BJU Int |date=2007 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=218 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/taylor2007/ |quote= |pubmedID=17552969 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.B07026_4., MRCPEd, FRCPC, x |accessdate=2019-09-28}}</ref></blockquote>Taylor (2007) also remarked:<blockquote>The ridged band of prepuce is tucked just inside the tip of the unretracted prepuce; it is a Britishrichly vascular muscosal tissue heavily innervated by movement-Canadian pathologist and biomedical researcher who practiced in Winnipegsensitive [[Meissner's corpuscles]]. In addition to touch sensitivity, MB, first used the term "ridged bandis uniquely ridged or corrugated, and not surprisingly, work in progress indicates that retraction or stetching of this accordion like structure triggers reflex contraction of bulbocavernosus and bulbospongious. These "bulb muscles" instead compress the root or bulb of the penis and among other things, including deep erogenous sensation, are responsible for [[ejaculation]] and clearing of residual [[urine]] from the posterior [[urethra]] following micturition.<ref name="wrinkly skintaylor207B" >{{REFjournal |last=Taylor |first=John R. |init=JR |author-link=John R. Taylor |title=The forgotten foreskin and described the its ridged band at the ''Second International Symposium on Circumcision'', organized by [http |journal=J Sex Med |date=2007-09 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1516 |url=https://www.nocircjsm.jsexmed.org NOCIRC] in San Francisco, 1991, after examining the foreskins of 22 adults obtained at autopsy/article/S1743-6095(15)31653-2/fulltext |quote= |pubmedID=17727357 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1111/j.1743-6109. The mean age was 37 years, range 22–582007. The prepuces were studied grossly and histologically00588.x |accessdate=2019-09-28}}</ref></blockquote>

==Structure==<!--[[Image:Ridged band magnified10x.jpeg|thumb|right|271px|Part More recent studies provide additional evidence of the sensory and sexual function of a the ridged band under 10and foreskin. Kim &times; magnification. The delicate Pang (2007), working in [[South Korea]], report that 48 percent of men experience less pleasure from [[masturbation]] after [[circumcision]] and highly innervated mucosa features many ridges which 63 percent report an increase sensitivity through increased surface area.in difficulty of [[masturbation]]--.<ref>{{KimDS PangMG 2007}}</ref>Taylor described the ridged band as a transversely ridged band of mucosal tissuePodnar (2012), working in Slovenia, located just inside compared the tip sexual response of the foreskin near the mucocutaneous boundarynormal [[intact]] men and [[circumcised]] men. He characterized the ridged band as intensely vascular and richly innervatedThe bulbo-covernosus reflex was elicitable in 92 percent of normal intact men, stating that but it "contains more Meissner's corpuscles than does the smooth mucosa", and noted that these tactile corpuscles were found was elicitable in only in the crests 27 percent of ridgescircumcised men.<ref>{{REFjournal | last=Taylor | first=JRPodnar | coauthorsinit=Lockwood AP, Taylor AJS | title=The prepuce: specialized mucosa Clinical elicitation of the penis and its loss to circumcisionpenilo-caversosus reflex in circumcised men. | journal=<i>Br J Urol</i>BJU Int | date=19962012-02 | volume=77109 | issue=4 | pages=291582-2955 | url=httphttps://wwwonlinelibrary.cirpwiley.orgcom/librarydoi/anatomyfull/taylor10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10364.x | quote= | pubmedID= 8800902 22897330 | pubmedCID= | DOI= 10.10461111/j.1464-410x410X.19962011.8502310364.x | accessdate=2019-09-2328

==External links==* ''The Ridged Band: Specialized Sexual Tissue'' URL: http://research.cirp.org/ (Dr John R. Taylor responsible for site content) ===Illustrations===* ''Dr John Taylor's illustrations'' [http://research.cirp.org/pix1.html]* ''Your Anatomy''[httpde://www.infocirc.org/townsend/anatomy2.htmGefurchtes Band] Site illustrating the ridged band* ''Ridged band and frenulum''[http://www.sexdictionary.info/ridged%20ban_frenulum.html] SexDictionary.info