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}}</ref><ref name="conundrum"/><ref name="Adler">[[{{REFjournal |first=Peter W. |last=Adler]] |author-link=Peter W. [Adler |url=http://rjolpi.richmond.edu/archive/Adler_Formatted.pdf |title=Is Circumcision Legal?] |volume=16( |issue=3) |journal=Richmond J. L. & Pub. Int. |page=439 ( |date=2013).}}</ref> Richards (1996) argues that parents may only consent to medical care, so are not empowered to grant consent for non-therapeutic circumcision of a child because it is not medical care.<ref name="richards">{{REFjournal