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===Circumcision===
Circumcision is the classic treatment for phimosis, but has many disadvantages and drawbacks. [[Circumcision]] is less performed today, because it is becoming outmoded by newer and better treatments.<ref name="shahid2012" />
* Circumcision Cicumcision is the most expensive treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998" />
* Circumcision has a long, painful, and difficult recovery. Erections are painful. Post-circumcision lymphoedema caused swelling can last for many months. Recovery time is placed at six weeks. Erections may cause sutures to pull out, thus opening the surgical wound, causing [http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/Botched9wd.html wound dehiscence]. Sexual and psychological issues abound. As with other surgery, complications are surgical misadventure, hemorrhage, and infection. Loss of the penis and [[death]] are known.<ref name="shahid2012" /> <ref name="williams-kapila1993">{{REFjournal
|last=Williams
|accessdate=2019-11-02
}}</ref>
* Circumcision permanently and irreversibly amputates the foreskin, so its multiple protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual physiological functions are destroyed.
* The tender head of the penis will be permanently exposed so the head will rub against clothing. Many men find this to be very painful.
* Many men report a permanent loss of sexual sensation.
* Circumcision results in a permanent [[circumcision scar]].
== Adult onset phimosis ==
Phimosis or tight foreskin may be caused by a yeast infection. The proper treatment is to use an anti-fungal drug.