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added Pain: 2020, NMJ
|date=2016-01-19
|accessdate=2019-10-27
}}
* 2020: '''Local anesthesia was extremely effective'''
:<blockquote>This study indicated that those who were circumcised without local anesthesia had higher mean pain scores, heart rate, lower oxygen saturation, and increased mean respiratory rate than those that had local anesthesia. This study demonstrated that local anesthesia was extremely effective in reducing the physiological variables of circumcision.<br><br>This study has shown that the pain of circumcision can be minimized or eliminated by use of local anesthesia. The performance of circumcisions without anesthesia should no longer be condoned or considered acceptable in the clinical setting.</blockquote>
:{{REFjournal
|url=http://www.nigeriamedj.com/article.asp?issn=0300-1652;year=2020;volume=61;issue=1;spage=11;epage=15;aulast=Fikin
|title=A comparison of pain scores in neonatal circumcision with or without local anesthesia in Jos, Nigeria
|first=Aminu Gango
|last=Fikin
|first2=Stephen
|last2=Yohanna
|journal=Nigerian Medical Journal
|volume=61
|issue=1
|pages=11-15
|date=2020-03-02
|accessdate=2020-03-07
}}