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→Ronald Gray's RCT: Add text
|accessdate=
}}</ref> and again in 2011,<ref name="Morris-Cancer"/> Gray published studies with [[Brian J. Morris]].
The three RCTs that purport to show that circumcision reduces HIV infection have been completely discredited. Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in HIV was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{REFjournal
|last=Boyle
|first=Gregory J.
|author-link=
|last2=Hill
|first2=George
|author2-link=George Hill
|title=Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns
|journal=J Law Med
|date=2011-12
|volume=19
|issue=2
|pages=316-334
|url=http://www.salem-news.com/fms/pdf/2011-12_JLM-Boyle-Hill.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=22320006
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-03-23
}}</ref> Garenne & Matthews (2019) report that circumcised men have as much HIV infection as intact men.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Garenne
|first=M
|author-link=
|last2=Matthews
|first2=A
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Voluntary medical male circumcision and HIV in Zambia: expectations and observations
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Biosoc Science
|location=
|date=2019-10-01
|volume=14
|issue=
|pages=1-13
|url=
|quote=
|pubmedID=31608845
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1017/S0021932019000634
|accessdate=2020-03-25
}}</ref>
== Quotes ==