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<blockquote>
Our finding that MNC is associated with SIDS is not surprising. Circumcision is associated with intra-operative and postoperative risks, including bleeding, shock, sepsis, circulatory shock, hemorrhage, pain, and long-term consequences – all of which contribute toward allostatic load and, thereby, SIDS through various mechanisms. For instance, during circumcision there is an increase in the blood pressure, breathing rate, and heart rate. Even with the most advanced techniques, bleeding occurs in over 15% of the cases, in which case there is a danger that a lower blood volume would result in low blood pressure and reduced amount of oxygen that reaches the tissues. Reduced blood pressure has been associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition where the walls of the throat relax and narrow during sleep, interrupting normal breathing. Unsurprisingly, SIDS victims experienced significantly more frequent episodes of OSA. Preterm neonates experience over twice the rate of bleeding complications than full-term neonates. MNC-related complications are unavoidable. For instance, in 1949, Gairdner reported that 16 out of 100,000 UK boys under 1-year old died due to circumcision. In tandem with the lack of evidence of a meaningful and relevant health benefits to the infant, several countries chose to opt out of the operation.<ref name="elhaik2019" />
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==Final comments== Elhaik calls male neonatal circumcision "a major risk-factor for SIDS." He points to the effect of Medicaid funding of non-therapeutic infant circumcision on the increase in SIDS observed in states that pay for non-therapeutic circumcision of infant boys.<ref name="elhaik2019" /blockquote> Elhaik views the association of non-therapeutic infant circumcision and SIDS as full proven, but thinks additional research is necessary to determine cause and effect.<ref name="elhaik2019" /> The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] has not taken a position on the association of male non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision and SIDS, nor is it likely to because of the conflict of interest between good medicine and the [[Financial Incentive| financial interests]] of its fellows (members).
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