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The practice of epispasm seems to have persisted from the Second Century B. C. to the Sixth Century A. D.<ref name="hall1992" />
Rearrange text.
|first=
|accessdate=2020-07-17
}}</ref> Epispasm was popular in the First Century among circumcised Jewish men who wished to appear as Greek. The practice of epispasm seems to have persisted from the Second Century B. C. to the Sixth Century A. D. The practice of epispasm seems to have persisted from the Second Century B. C. to the Sixth Century A. D.<ref name="hall1992hall1991">{{REFjournal
|last=Hall
|first=Robert
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/restoration/hall1/
|accessdate=2020-07-17
}}</ref> ==Lipodermos==
Hodges (2001) reported, ''Lipodermos'' is the name given by the Greeks to the condition of having a deficient [[foreskin]]. According to Hodges:
}}</ref></blockquote>
==Ancient surgical epispasm== Hall (1992) reported that a surgical operation surgery was necessary to restore the missing foreskinfor epispasm.<ref name="hall1992hall1991" /> ==Ancient tissue expansion for epispasm==
Schultheiss ''et al''. (1998) report that, in an alternative to the surgical procedures, a weight made of bronze, copper, or leather, called the ''Pondus Judaeus'', was attached to the residual foreskin that pulled the skin downward and stretched it which resulted in [[tissue expansion]].<ref name="schultheiss1998">{{REFjournal
|accessdate=2020-07-17
}}</ref>
In Greek terminology, a person who had undergone the procedure of stretching the [[Foreskin| prepuce]] was known as ''epispastikós'', the stretched one (epispasmós = pull-over). Similarly, the Romans addressed him as ''recutitio'', the reskinned (cutis = skin), not differentiating by this term whether it was done surgically or nonsurgically.<ref name="schultheiss1998" />