17,106
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Pain
,→History: Revise text.
}}</ref>
* Gunnar ''et al''. (1981) recorded serum cortisol and behavior state through the unanesthetized , non-therapeutic circumcision process. Serum cortisol levels and behavior state were found to be closely related. The authors stated:
<blockquote>
Neonatal circumcision is performed without anesthesia and it is clearly stressful for the infant.
}}</ref>
Porter, Miller & Marshall (1986) studied the nature of pain cries during unanesthetized, non-therapeutic circumcision. the cries during circumcision were found to shorter, with more more frequent vocalizations; higher peak fundamental frequencies; fewer harmonics; and greater variability of the fundamental. Adult listeners judged these cries to have an unusual degree of urgency.<ref name="porter1986">{{REFjournal
|last=Porter
|first=Fran Lang