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}}</ref> however this clearly would not do. No circumcision equals no fee for surgery. The take from non-therapeutic circumcision is just too high to discard. Bollinger estimated in 2012 that the total cost of non-therapeutic circumcision to Americans is $3,647,000,000.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3_6_Billion_Annually |archived= |title=High cost of circumcision |trans-title= |language=English |last=Bollinger |first=Dan |author-link= |publisher=Academia |website= |date=2012 |accessdate=2020-11-15 |format=PDF |quote=}}</ref> The circumcision industry is simply not willing to give that up, so a way to do non-therapeutic circumcisions in infancy had to be found.