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The So great was Flechsig's influence, the authors were still unwilling to use the word ''pain'' and substituted the word ''stress''.<ref>{{REFjournal
Operation Surgical operation on infants without anesthesia continued for well over a century, at least until 1987, when the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] was forced to issue a CYA statement that called for the use of anesthesia.<ref>{{REFjournal
Pain
,→Investigating pain of circumcision: Revise text.
Neonatal circumcision is performed without anesthesia and it is clearly stressful for the infant.
</blockquote>
|last=Gunnar
|init=MR
}}</ref>
|last=Poland
|first=Ronald L.
}}</ref>
Although by 1989 it was totally clear that infant boys infants can feel intense pain, the 1989 American Academy of Pediatrics Circumcision Task Force, under the leadership of the infamous [[Edgar J. Schoen]], M. D., declined to recommend the use of analgesics for non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision, thereby condemning million of newborn baby boys to a painful, stressful circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Schoen
|first=Edgar J.