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→Child circumcision as a traumatizing event: Add text and citation.
</blockquote>
===Child circumcision as a traumatizing eveɲtevent===
The male [[circumcision]] operation to amputate the [[foreskin]] has been shown to be a traumatic event.
|pages=215-21
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/rhinehart1/
|accessdate=2020-11-28
}}</ref>
Boyle & Ramos (2019) studied boys in the Philippine Islands who had undergone medical circumcision and others who had suffered the traditional "''tuli''" circumcision. Of the boys who had a medical circumcision, 51 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD. Of the boys who had a ''tuli'' circumcision, 69 percent exhibited symptoms of PTSD.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Boyle
|init=J
|first=Gregory
|author-link=
|last2=Ramos
|init2=
|first2=Samuel
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Filipino boys subjected to non-therapeutic ritual or medical surgical procedures: A retrospective cohort study
|trans-title=
|language=English
|journal=Annals of Medicine and Surgery
|location=
|date=2019
|volume=42
|issue=
|pages=19-22
|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080119300305
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=31080593
|pubmedCID=6506608
|DOI=10.1016/j.amsu.2019.04.004
|accessdate=2020-11-28
}}</ref>