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|trans-title=
|language=
adjusted REFjournal
|title=The Scandal of Scandinavia
|date=2013-04
|last=Hoare
|first=Liam
|lastinit=HoareL
|journal=The Tower Magazine
|accessdate=2020-12-25
Male circumcision always results in the permanent and irreversible loss of the [[foreskin]], a structure with protective, immunological, sexual, and sensory functions. The loss of the protective and immunological functions are harmful to physical health. The loss of the sensory and sexual functions are harmful to [[https://en.intactiwiki.org/index.php/Sexual_effects_of_circumcision| sexual]] and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| mental]] health. We have long known that non-therapeutic circumcision of children sometimes results in [[death]]. [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) reported circumcision caused nineteen deaths in England and Wales in 1946.<ref name="fate1949">{{REFjournal
|last=Gairdner
|firstinit=D.M.DM
|title=The fate of the foreskin: a study of circumcision
|journal=British Medical Journal
|last=Bollinger
|first=Dan
|init=D
|author-link=Dan Bollinger
|last2=Boy's Health Advisory
Denmark has produced important medical studies regarding the [[foreskin]].
[[Jakob Øster]], a Danish physician in Randers, Denmark who conducted school examinations, reported his findings on the examination of school-boys in Denmark, where circumcision is rare. Øster (1968) found that the incidence of fusion of the foreskin with the glans penis steadily declines with increasing age and foreskin retractability increases with age.<ref name="Øster1968">{{REFjournal |last=Øster |first=Jakob |author-link=Jakob Øster |etal=no |title=Further Fate of the Foreskin: Incidence of Preputial Adhesions, Phimosis, and Smegma among Danish Schoolboys |trans-title= |language=English |journal=Arch Dis Child |location= |date=1968 |volume=43 |issue= |pages=200-3 |url=https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/43/228/200.full.pdf |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=5689532 |pubmedCID=2019851 |DOI=10.1136/adc.43.228.200 |accessdate=2020-10-04Jakob_Øster_1968}}</ref>
[[Morten Frisch]] ''et al''. (2011) produced an important study elucidating the relationship between [[circumcision]] and sexual function difficulties.<ref name="frisch2011">{{REFjournal
|last=Frisch
|first=Morten
|init=M
|author-link=Morten Frisch
|last2=Lindholm
|first2=Morten
|init2=M
|author2-link=
|last3=Grønbæk
|first3=Morten
|init3=M
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Male circumcision and sexual function in men and women: a survey-based, cross-sectional study in Denmark.
|journal=Int J Epidemiol.
|location=
|volume=40
|last=Frisch
|first=Morten
|init=M
|author-link=
|last2=Simonsen
|first2=Jacob
|init2=J
|author2-link=
|etal=no
|title=Ritual circumcision and risk of autism spectrum disorder in 0- to 9-year-old boys: national cohort study in Denmark
|journal=J R Soc Med
|location=