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Add text on Council of Europe.
|date=2016-08-30
}}</ref>
==Human rights==
===Council of Europe===
Norway became a founding member of the [[Resolution by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe| Council of Europe]] on 5 May 1949.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/norway
|title=Norway // 47 States, one Europe
|last=
|first=
|accessdate=2020-10-04
}}</ref> As a member of the Council of Europe, Norway is subject to the ''European Convention on Human Rights''<ref>{{REFdocument
|title=European Convention on Human Rights
|url=https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf
|contribution=
|last=
|first=
|publisher=Council of Europe
|format=PDF
|date=1950
|accessdate=2020-10-04
}}</ref> and is pledged to advance the enumerated rights in its territory. It may be sued in the [https://www.echr.coe.int/Pages/home.aspx?p=homejk European Court of Human Rights] for violations of its duty.
The ''Right to Security of Person'' is provided by Article Five of the ECHR.
Resolution no. 1952 (2013) 'Children's right to physical integrity'<ref name="resolution1952">{{REFdocument
|title=Children's right to physical integrity
|url=http://semantic-pace.net/tools/pdf.aspx?doc=aHR0cDovL2Fzc2VtYmx5LmNvZS5pbnQvbncveG1sL1hSZWYvWDJILURXLWV4dHIuYXNwP2ZpbGVpZD0yMDE3NCZsYW5nPUVO&xsl=aHR0cDovL2Fzc2VtYmx5LmNvZS5pbnQvbncveG1sL3hzbC1mby9QZGYvWFJlZi1XRC1BVC1YTUwyUERGLnhzbA==&xsltparams=ZmlsZWlkPTIwMTc0
|contribution=
|last=
|first=
|publisher=Parliamentary Assembly
|format=PDF
|date=2013-10-01
|accessdate=2020-11-05
}}</ref> of the Parliament Assembly of the Council of Europe, which includes the issue of physical integrity of intersex children for the first time, was adopted on October 1, 2013 following an initiative of the German SPD politician [[Marlene Rupprecht]].<ref name="aktor2016">{{REFbook
|last=Aktor
|first=Mikael
|author-link=Mikael Aktor
|last2=
|first2=
|author2-link=
|year=2016
|title=Whose Rights? The Danish Debate on Ritual Infant Male Circumcision as a Human Rights Issue
|url=https://www.academia.edu/22644864
|work=Contemporary Views on Comparative Religion: In Celebration of Tim Jensen's 65th Birthday
|editor=Peter Antes, Armin W. Geertz, Mikael Rothstein
|edition=
|volume=
|chapter=24
|pages=311-24
|location=Sheffield
|publisher=Equinox Publishing
|isbn=9781781791394
|quote=
|accessdate=2021-01-18
|note=
}}</ref>
The resolution includes other topics such as [[FGM|female genital mutilation]], [[MGM|male circumcision]] for religious reasons, and submission or coercion of a child to piercings, tattoos or cosmetic surgery.
The resolution calls on all member States to "''examine the prevalence of different categories of non-medically justified operations and interventions impacting on the physical integrity of children in their respective countries, as well as the specific practices related to them, and to carefully consider them in light of the best interests of the child in order to define specific lines of action for each of them; initiate focused awareness-raising measures for each of these categories of violation of the physical integrity of children, to be carried out in the specific contexts where information may best be conveyed to families, such as the medical sector (hospitals and individual practitioners), schools, religious communities or service providers; [...].''"
This first resolution of its kind by a European institution is not legally binding, but an important signal for further debate and action. It shifts the approach of the point of view of the topic from the current medical domain towards a [[human rights]] approach and identifies the right to bodily integrity, autonomy and self-determination. It calls the for the end of non-therapeutic cosmetic medical and surgical interventions.
==Recent developments==