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normalize et al. (AMA)
* Circumcision permanently and irreversibly amputates the [[foreskin]], so its multiple protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual physiological functions are destroyed and has many [[risks and complications]]. The sensitive head of the [[penis]] will be permanently exposed so the head will rub against clothing. Many men find this to be very painful.
* Most men report a permanent loss of sexual sensation.
* Circumcision results in a permanent [[circumcision scar]].
Circumcision should be the treatment of last resort, to be used only after conservative methods of treatment fail.
Kumar ''et al''. (2017) graded phimosis from 0 to 5. They reported that circumcision is necessary to treat grades 4 and 5.<ref name="kumar2017">{{REFjournal
|last=Kumar
|first=