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==Constitutional and human rights issues==
===Constitutional issues===
The Constitution of the Republic of Korea (1948) as amended provides in Chapter Two the rights and duties of citizens.<ref name="ROKConstitution1948">{{REFdocument
|title=Constitution of the Republic of Korea
There has been no attempt to apply these articles to the protection of boys' physical integrity.
===Human rights issues===
The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the ''International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights'' (ICCPR) in December 1966.<ref name="lee1993">Suk T. Lee, [https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol14/iss4/3?utm_source=repository.law.umich.edu%2Fmjil%2Fvol14%2Fiss4%2F3&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages South Korea: Implementation and Application of Human Rights Covenants], 14 MICH.J. INT'LL. 705 (1993).</ref> The Republic of Korea (South Korea) ratified this international human rights treaty in April 1990. Article 6(1) of the ''Constitution of the Republic of Korea'' provides that treaties "duly concluded and promulgated under the Constitution and the generally recognized rules of international law shall have the same effect as the domestic laws of the Republic of Korea."<ref name="ROKConstitution1948"/><ref name="lee1993" />
Article 2(1) of the ICCPR provides:
<blockquote>
1. Each State Party to the present Covenant undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
</blockquote>
The ICCPR provides such rights as freedom from inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to liberty and security of person, and the right to such measures of protection as are required by his status as a minor, on the part of his family, society and the State.<ref name="iccpr1967">{{REFdocument
|title=International Covenant on Civil and Political Right
|url=https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1976/03/19760323%2006-17%20AM/Ch_IV_04.pdf
|contribution=
|last=
|first=
|publisher=United Nations
|format=PDF
|date=1967
|accessdate=2019-11-04
}}</ref> South Korea has not protected the rights of boys as it has covenanted to do. If it had, any one of these enumerated rights would protect boys from non-therapeutic [[circumcision]]
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Intact South Korea]]
* [[Human rights]]
{{REF}}
[[Category:Korea]]
[[Category:Human rights]]