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Pain
,→Historic attitudes and practices: Revise footnote.
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The [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] convened a new task force on circumcision under the chair of Carole M. Lannon, M. D. That task force reversed the position previously taken under [[Edgar J. Schoen]]. It clearly stated that non-therapeutic infant circumcision is "not essential to the child’s current well-being." It provided an extensive discussion of procedural analgesia and said, quite strongly, that, if a circumcision is done, procedural analgesia should be provided.<ref name="aap1999" >{{REFjournal |last=Lannon |first=Carole M. |init= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |init2= |author2-link= |last3= |first3= |init3= |author3-link= |last4= |first4= |init4= |author4-link= |last5= |first5= |init5= |author5-link= |last6= |first6= |init6= |author6-link= |last7= |first7= |init7= |author7-link= |last8= |first8= |init8= |author8-link= |last9= |first9= |init9= |author9-link= |etal=yes |title=Circumcision policy statement |trans-title= |language= |journal=Pediatrics |location= |date=1999-03 |volume=103 |issue=3 |article= |page= |pages=686-93 |url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/103/3/686 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=10049981 |pubmedCID= |DOI=https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.3.686 |accessdate=2021-07-12}}</ref>
Kraft (2003) reported that "many health care practitioners routinely perform this procedure without the use of any or with inadequate or ineffective analgesia and anesthesia."<ref name="kraft2003">{{REFjournal