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|pubmedCID=1599351
|DOI=
|accessdate=2021-09-05
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===Phimosis diagnosis issues===
Fewer boys were being circumcised so there were more [[foreskinned]] boys. The general practitioners (GPs) in the UK seemed to be unable to distinguish between true phimosis and developmentally non-retractile healthy foreskin and were referring numerous boys for unnecessary circumcision.
Rickwood et al. (1980) had provided guidance on diagnosis of phimosis. According to Rickwood et al. true phimosis occurs when the [[foreskin]] has been attacked by balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) (also known as lichen sclerosis). If BXO is not present then true phimosis does not exist.<ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal
|last=Rickwood
|first=
|init=AMK
|author-link=
|last2=Hemalatha
|first2=
|init2=V
|author2-link=
|last3=Batcup
|first3=
|init3=G
|author3-link=
|last4=Spitz
|first4=
|init4=L
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Phimosis in boys
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Brit J Urol
|location=
|date=1980-04
|volume=52
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=147-60
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/rickwood/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=7191744
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb02945.x
|accessdate=2021-09-05
}}</ref>