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→2016: added Svoboda, Adler, Van Howe
|url=https://commons.law.famu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=library-facpub
|accessdate=2020-05-13
}}
* Svoboda, Adler, and Van Howe point out that physicians have a legal duty to protect children from unnecessary interventions. They suggest that under existing United States law and international human rights declarations as well, circumcision already violates boys´ absolute rights to equal protection, bodily integrity, autonomy, and freedom to choose their own religion.
: {{REFjournal
|last=Svoboda
|first=J. Steven
|init=JS
|author-link=J. Steven Svoboda
|last2=Adler
|first2=Peter W.
|init2=PW
|author2-link=Peter W. Adler
|last3=Van Howe
|first3=Robert S.
|init3=RS
|author3-link=Robert S. Van Howe
|title=Circumcision is Unethical and Unlawful
|journal=The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics
|url=https://commons.wikimannia.org/images/Tim_Hammond_-_Circ_Unethical_Unlawful_JLME_2016.pdf
|format=PDF
|volume=44
|pages=263-282
|DOI=10.1177/1073110516654120
|date=2016
|accessdate=2021-06-19
}}