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Laumann et al. (1997) reported an incidence of non-therapeutic circumcision of boys of 85 percent in 1948.<ref name="laumann1997" />
[[Eugene H. Hand]], M.D., (1949) falsely claimed that circumcision would prevent cancer of the tongue and venereal disease.<ref name="HandEH1949">{{REFjournal
|last=Hand
|first=Eugene H.
|init=EH
|author-link=Eugene H. Hand
|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18135844/
|title=Circumcision and venereal disease
|journal=Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology
|date=1949-09
|volume=60
|issue=3
|pages341-6
|pubmedID=18135844
|DOI=10.1001/archderm.1949.01530030037004
|accessdate=2021-10-08
}}</ref>
The publication of a landmark article by [[Douglas Gairdner]] (1949) in the [[United Kingdom]] showing that infant circumcision is non-therapeutic, unnecessary, causes deaths, and which called for preservation of the foreskin<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> was totally ignored by the circumcision industry in the United States.