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Professor The AAP, lead by the [[Peter W. AdlerAAP Circumcision Task Force 2012]], Jfinally published the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Fifth_policy_. D282012., (2011) argued that it is unlawful for United States Medicaid to pay for non-therapeutic 29| fifth circumcisionpolicy statement]] in the September 2012 issue of ''Pediatrics''. The [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Criticism| adverse criticism]] was overwhelming.<ref name="adler2011" />
The AAPBollinger (2012) estimated that the total cost of non-therapeutic male circumcision, lead by the [[AAP including hospital costs, repair of botched circumcisions, treatment of complications, and so on is more than $3 billion per year,<ref name="bollinger2012">{{REFweb |url=https://www.academia.edu/6442587/High_Cost_of_Circumcision_3.6_Billion_Annually |title=High Cost of Circumcision Task Force 2012]], finally published the [[American_Academy_of_Pediatrics#Fifth_policy_: $3.6 Billion Annually |last=Bollinger |first=Dan |author-link=Dan Bollinger |publisher=Academia |website=https://www.282012academia.29edu | fifth circumcision policy statement]] in the September date=2012 issue |accessdate=2020-11-25 |format= |quote=}}</ref> of ''Pediatrics''which the beneficiary is the American circumcision industry.
Example</ref>The ill-fated 2012 AAP Circumcision Policy Statement expired on August 31, 2017 because it was not reaffirmed.
→Early twenty-first century: Add Bollinger text and citation.
The British journal, ''The Lancet'', published reports of two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa which purported to prove that male circumcision was protective against infection with HIV. The American Academy of Pediatrics consulted with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ([[ACOG]]) and the American College of Family Physicians ([[AAFP]]) (those being the medical trade associations that represent the specialties that perform most non-therapeutic infant circumcisions and make most of the money from the performance of the non-therapeutic amputation). The three associations determined to make common cause to produce a position statement that would promote male circumcision based on its alleged protection against HIV infection. The AAP was to take the lead, but ACOG and AAFP provided representatives to the new [[AAP Circumcision Task Force 2012| AAP task force]], of which New York Jewess [[Susan Blank]], {{MD}}, {{MPH}}, was the chairwoman. This new task force did not publish a statement until 2012.
Professor [[Peter W. Adler]], J. D., (2011) argued that it is unlawful for United States Medicaid to pay for non-therapeutic circumcision.<ref name="adler2011" />
Professor [[Peter W. Adler]], {{JD}}, (2013) argued that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is unlawful.<ref name="adler2013">{{REFjournal
|DOI=10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.8.msoc3-1708
|accessdate=2021-10-14
}}</ref>
Adler, Van Howe, Wisdom & Daase (2020) examined male non-therapeutic circumcision as fraud.<ref name="adler2020">{{REFjournal