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The financially and psychologically vested circumcision industry suddenly found itself in a predicament. It was now suddenly proven beyond any shadow of a doubt that newborn baby boys can feel intense pain. Medical ethics and the standard of care now necessitated pain relief, however it is dangerous to give general anesthesia to neonates. [[Edward Wallerstein ]] (1985) had proposed that [[Routine Infant Circumcision| routine ]] (non-therapeutic) circumcision of baby boys be eliminated just as routine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy previously had been eliminated,<ref name="wallerstein1985">{{REFjournal

}}</ref> however this clearly would not do for the avid pro-circumcision lobby. No circumcision equals no fee for surgery. The financial gain from discontinuing non-therapeutic circumcision is just too high to discard. [[Dan Bollinger ]] (2012) estimated that the total annual cost of non-therapeutic circumcision to Americans is $3,647,000,000.<ref>{{REFweb

|author-link=Dan Bollinger