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→Physical late effects: changed "approximately 20,000" into "very many"
=== Physical late effects ===
* An unavoidable late effect of any circumcision is the permanent loss of sexual sensitivity. This is partly due to the removal of sensory tissue. The [[foreskin]] contains approximately 20,000 very many nerve endings and touch receptors, which account for the major part of male sexual sensation. If the [[foreskin]] is removed, they can no longer provide sexual stimulation. It is also partly due to the fact that the surface of the [[Glans penis|glans]] reacts to the missing protection from friction and drying out by developing a callus layer. This reduces the sensitivity of the remaining nerves in the [[Glans penis|glans]] gradually over the years. The study conducted by Sorrells et.al.<ref>Sorrells ML, Snyder JL, Reiss MD, et al. Fine-touch pressure thresholds in the adult [[penis]]. BJU Int 2007;99:864-9.</ref> found a significant reduction of sensitivity to touch for circumcised compared to intact [[penis]]es in adult males. Other studies revealed that circumcised men use condoms significantly less often than intact men, since they further limit the sexual sensitivity (see above).
* Painful tension can occur when there is too little reserve skin left to support a full erection<ref>Taylor, J.R., Lockwood, A.P., & Taylor, A.J. (1996). The prepuce: „Specialized mucosa of the [[penis]] and its loss to circumcision.“ British Journal of Urology, 77, 291-295.</ref>. This risk is partly dependent on the anatomy of the [[penis]]. While some [[penis]]es already have the majority of their full size when flaccid ([[Flesh Penis]], or "[[shower]]"), others are rather short when flaccid and double or more their size during an erection ([[Blood Penis]], or "[[grower]]"). Especially in children's circumcision, where the [[penis]] is not yet fully developed, the amount of reserve skin needed in adulthood cannot be estimated.
* Erectile dysfunction: Both the damage inflicted to the blood vessels in the [[foreskin]] and the reduced sexual sensitivity can be causes for reduced erectile function with advancing age.<ref>Money, J., & Davison, J. (1983): Adult penile circumcision: Erotosexual and cosmetic sequelae. Journal of Sex Research, 19, 289-292</ref>