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== Australia and circumcision ==
'''Australia''', like other English-speaking countries, once had a rather high rate of non-therapeutic neonatal [[circumcision ]] of male infants, however Australia (2019) now has a very low rate of non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision. Consequently, the circumcised males are concentrated in the older age groups. As they pass away and are replaced by younger intact males, the prevalence of circumcised men is diminishing. Circumcised males are now in the minority in Australia and have been at least since 2011.<ref name="cozijn2013">{{REFweb
|url=http://www.circinfo.org/statistics.html
|title=Incidence and prevalence of circumcision in Australia
The indigenous people of Australia, the [[Aborigines]], have variously practiced [[subincision]] and [[circumcision]] since before the first contact with Europeans.
The incidence of non-therapeutic neonatal [[circumcision ]] in Australia approached that of the United States in the 1930s through 1960s.
[[Douglas Gairdner]]'s famous, classic 1949 paper, ''The Fate of the Foreskin: A Study of Circumcision'',<ref name="gairdner1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref> seems to have had no effect in Australia. However, criticism of the practice of non-therapeutic circumcision accelerated in 1967.