Changes

==== Freehand-techniques ====

The oldest method of removing the [[foreskin]] uses just a few instruments. In the simplest case, the [[foreskin]] is pulled out with a cord, a knife is placed directly above the [[Glans penis|glans]], and the skin finally cut with a hit on the blunt edge of the knife. No stitches are placed and the skin is left to grow together naturally.

In modern operating theatres the [[foreskin]] is first grasped with forceps, pulled out and clamped above the [[Glans penis|glans]] for a while to reduce bleeding. Next, the skin is cut along the forceps with a scalpel. Following that, the remaining skin is manually trimmed according to the desired style and finally sutured.

Completely freehand techniques are also common. The penile skin is first cut in two places along the circumference, in the area of the shaft skin and [[foreskin]]. After that the skin area between the cuts is removed and the remaining skin sutured.

Also among the freehand techniques are the shield variants.

In ritual Jewish circumcision the [[foreskin]] in inserted into the slit of the shield (left) and then cut on the upper side of the shield.

The Mogen-Clamp works in a similar way (middle), with the difference that it is locked shut after the [[foreskin]] is inserted, thus clamping it. After a few minutes the [[foreskin]] is cut in the same fashion as with the simple shield. The clamping is meant to reduce or prevent bleeding from the wound.

The Sheldon-Clamp (right) works in a similar way. The inner clamp grasps the tip of the [[foreskin]], pulling it into the outer clamp which is closed. The outer clamp then grips the skin. After a few minutes of pressure, the [[foreskin]] is cut between the two clamps.