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|location=Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, USA
using UNI template
|chapter="This Little Operation", Jewish American Physicians and Twentieth-Century Circumcision Advocacy
|page=206
|location=New York, New YorkNY |publisher={{UNI|Oxford University |Oxon}} Press
|isbn=0-19-517674-X
|quote=What if circumcision protected against infection with HIV...
|page=207
|location=New York, NY
|publisher={{UNI|Oxford University |Oxon}} Press
|isbn=0-19-517674-X
|quote=This is nothing I can prove.
|dateto=
|accessdate=
}}</ref> Both the U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa have relatively high incidence rates of [[HIV]] infection, considering that about 75% of U.S. men and about 70% of sub-Saharan African men are circumcised—higher percentages than in most other regions or countries with lower prevalence of [[HIV]].<refname="Green etal 2010">{{REFjournal
|last=Green
|init=LW
|init6=A
|title=Male circumcision and HIV prevention insufficient evidence and neglected external validity
|url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Green-Circ-HIV-Prev-Insufficient-AmJPrevMed-2010.pdf
|format=PDF
|journal=Am J Prev Med
|publisher=Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, {{UNI|University of California|UCSF}} at San Francisco, USA
|date=2010-11
|volume=39
|issue=5
|pages=479-482
|pubmedID=20965388
}}</ref>
* How male circumcision programs, or being circumcised, will influence human behavior.
* The sidelining of women when considering male circumcision as a prevention method.
* The tendency of both men and women to ascribe undue power to a technical fıx for what must remain a matter of human control, as in the use of condoms and other safe sex practices.<ref>{{REFjournal |lastname="Green |init=LW |last2=Travis |init2=JW |last3=McAllister |init3=RG |last4=Peterson |init4=KW |last5=Vardanyan |init5=AN |last6=Craig |init6=A |title=Male circumcision and HIV prevention insufficient evidence and neglected external validity |url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Green-Circ-HIV-Prev-Insufficient-AmJPrevMed-etal 2010.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Am J Prev Med (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, USA) |date=2010-11 |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=479-482 |pubmedID=20965388}}<"/ref>
== Effective prevention ==