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{{FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998}}
|accessdate=2019-10-18
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*: The [[foreskin]] is naturally equipped with multiple defense mechanisms against infection. The [[foreskin]] in the infant and toddler has a pronounced peak with a sphincter, which is formed by a vortex of muscle tissue, and remains closed to keep foreign substances out there, but opens to allow the outflow of [[urine]]. The sub-preputial moisture contains lysozyme, a secretion that destroys harmful microorganisms. The [[foreskin]] contains Langerhans cells, provide protection against [[HIV]] infection. Fleiss, Hodges, and [[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe]]<ref>{{REFjournal |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/STD/fleiss3/ |title=Immunological functions of the human prepuce |last=Fleiss |init=PM |author-link=Paul M. Fleiss |last2=Hodges |init2=FM |author2-link=Frederick M. Hodges |last3=Van Howe |init3=RS |author3-link=Robert S. Van Howe |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |date=FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998-10 |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=364-367 |accessdate=2019-10-18}}</ref> explain the immunological functions of the [[foreskin]] in detail, as well as Cold and Taylor.<ref>{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>
*: "The [[foreskin]] has a number of tasks and functions. The glands which can be found in the inner [[foreskin]], produce a secretion that keeps the [[Glans penis|glans]] soft and supple. The so-called smegma is used to obtain a stable bacterial flora in the genital area of men and to protect them from diseases. It protects against infection, which may also affect the [[urethra]], since its task is the natural hygiene of the [[Glans penis|glans]]."<ref>{{REFweb
|url=http://symptomat.de/Penisvorhaut#Funktion_.26_Aufgaben_der_Penisvorhaut