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}}</ref> Nervous tissue requires a large blood supply, so the foreskin is richly vascularized with many blood vessels,<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998">{{REFjournal |last=Fleiss |init=P |author-link=Paul M. Fleiss |last2=Hodges |init2=F |author2-link=Frederick M. Hodges |last3=Van Howe |init3=RS |author3-link=Robert S. Van Howe |title=Immunological functions of the human prepuce |journal=Sex Trans Infect |date=FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998-10 |volume=74 |issue=5 |pages=364-67 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1758142/pdf/v074p00364.pdf |quote= |pubmedID=10195034 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2019-10-15}}</ref> therefore the foreskin must be crushed with one of several special clamps in yet another painful step before the circumcision can be carried out.<ref>{{REFjournal