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,using Template:FrischM SimonsenJ 2021
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Two separate very-large-scale population based studies found no relationship between circumcision status and the risk of contracting [[HIV]] infection.:
# Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of [[HIV]] infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal
|last=Mayan
|first=Madhur
|accessdate=2021-11-20
}}</ref>
# [[Morten Frisch]] and Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing [[HIV]] and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and [[HIV]] infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{REFjournal |last=Frisch |first=Morten |init= |author-link=Morten Frisch |last2=Simonsen |first2=Jacob |init2= |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Non-therapeutic male circumcision in infancy or childhood and risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted infections: national cohort study in Denmark |trans-title= |language= |journal=Eur J Epidemiol |location= |date=2021-09-26 |volume=Published online ahead of print |issue= |article= |page= |pages= |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10654-021-00809-6 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=34564796 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1007/s10654-021-00809-6 |accessdate=FrischM SimonsenJ 2021-11-20}}</ref>
There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have ''not'' been effective in preventing [[HIV]] infection.