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[[Parental rights]] are counterbalanced by the rights of the child under the ''Grundgesetz'', which are discussed above. Parents have a right and a duty to respect and protect their child's human rights.
Article 33 of the ''Grundgesetz'' gives the federal government of Germany full responsibility for foreign relations. Germany signed the ''[https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx [International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]]'' (1966) on 9 October 1968. The [[ICCPR ]] was ratified on 17 December 1973. It entered into force on 23 March 1976.
By this treaty, Germany contracted "to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights recognized in the present Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."<ref>[[ICCPR]], Article 9(1).</ref>
International human rights law is now laid over the human rights in the ''Grundgesetz''.
The treaty provides numerous [[human rights]] that prohibit non-therapeutic male circumcision. Moreover, it provides the right of state-parties impose such "limitations as are prescribed by law and are necessary to protect public safety, order, health, or morals or the fundamental rights and freedoms of others."<ref>[[ICCPR]], Article 18(3).</ref> Germany has a duty to impose such a limit to protect male children from medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic circumcision. Germany, by enactment of the circumcision law, has failed its treaty obligations.
==Federal Constitutional Court==