Changes

* Gunnar et al. (1981) recorded serum cortisol and behavior state throughout the unanesthetized, non-therapeutic circumcision process. Serum cortisol levels and behavioral distress were found to be closely related. The authors stated:

|Text=Neonatal circumcision is performed without anesthesia and it is clearly stressful for the infant.

|Author=Gunnar et al. (1981)