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|language=
|last=Gaster
|first=Theodore H. |init=TH
|author-link=
|publisher=Britannica
|quote=
}}</ref>
==Beliefs==
Judaism is characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions.<ref name="gaster" />
==Controversial practice==
Judaism has historically held a belief in the so-called [[Abrahamic covenant]] which purports to require that every newborn boy be [[Jewish circumcision|circumcised on the eighth day of life]]. This has now become controversial because of the certain intense [[pain]] suffered by the boy, because of the certain lifetime loss of [[foreskin#Physiological_functions| foreskin function]], and because of the violation of the child's [[human rights]].
==Religious officials==
[[:Category:Rabbi|Rabbis (teacherteachers, mastermasters) ]] carry out teaching and educational functions<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/rabbi
|archived=
|quote=
}}</ref>
==Questioning circumcision==
The alleged Abrahamic covenant is found in the Pentateuch (Torah) book of Genesis, chapter 17. This has been questioned for several reasons.<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Goldman
|first=Ronald
|init=R |author-link=Ronald Goldman
|year=2012
|title=[[Questioning Circumcision: A Jewish Perspective]]
|url=
|scope=144
|publisher=Vanguard Publications
|ISBN=978-0964489561
|accessdate=2022-05-01
}}</ref> The practice of circumcision conflicts with many other Jewish values. Moreover, [https://www.blueletterbible.org/Comm/stewart_don/faq/words-bible/question2-what-is-textual-criticism.cfm textual criticism] indicates that this chapter appears to be a later insertion into the text of this Hebrew book.
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Beyond the Bris]]
* [[Jewish medical ethics]]
* [[Metzitzah b'peh]]
[[Category:Circumcision term]]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Rabbi]]