Changes

According to demographic health studies performed in other countries in Africa, [[HIV]] transmission was prevalent in circumcised men in at least 6 different countries:

In Cameroon, where 91% of the male population is circumcised, the ratio of circumcised men vs. intact men who contracted [[HIV]] was 4.1 vs. 1.1. <ref>{{REFbook

|last=Mosoko

}}</ref>

In Ghana, the ratio is 1.6 vs 1.4 (95.3% circumcised). ''"...the vast majority of Ghanaian men (95 percent) are circumcised... There is little difference in the [[HIV]] prevalence by circumcision status..."''<ref>{{REFbook

|last=Marum

}}</ref>

In Lesotho, the ratio is 22.8 vs 15.2 (23% circumcised).

''"The relationship between male circumcision and [[HIV]] levels in Lesotho does not conform to the expected pattern of higher rates among [[uncircumcised]] men than circumcised men. The [[HIV]] rate is in fact substantially higher among circumcised men (23 percent) than among men who are not circumcised (15 percent). Moreover, the pattern of higher infection rates among circumcised men compared with [[uncircumcised]] men is virtually uniform across the various subgroups for which results are shown in thetable. This finding could be explained by the Lesotho custom to conduct male circumcision later in life, when the individuals have already been exposed to the risk of [[HIV]] infection. (Additional analysis is necessary to better understand the unexpected pattern in Table 12.9.)"''<ref>{{REFbook

::''An interesting defense of male circumcision, given the fact that the latest "studies," if they can even be called that, observed [[HIV]] transmission in men circumcised as adults. Then again, this demographic health survey was conducted in 2004, BEFORE the newer "studies" in 2006. None the less, the unproven assertion that "circumcision is only effective in reducing the risk of [[HIV]] when done in infancy" persists in some circles.''

DHS 2004 - 13.2 vs 9.5 (20% circumcised)

:"The relationship between [[HIV]] prevalence and circumcision status is not in the expected

::''...where one would expect [[HIV]] to be the most rampant.''

DHS 2005 - 3.8 vs 2.1 <ref>http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR183/15Chapter15.pdf p. 10</ref>

Rosenberg et al. (2018) report that circumcised men in South Africa are more likely to be [[HIV]] infected than intact men.<ref name="Rosenberg2018">{{REFjournal

|last=Rosenberg

}}</ref>

DHS 2006-2007 - 22 vs 20

:"As Table 14.10 shows, the relationship between [[HIV]] prevalence and circumcision status is not in the expected direction. Circumcised men have a slightly higher [[HIV]] infection rate than men who are not circumcised (22 percent compared with 20 percent).<ref>http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR202/FR202.pdf P. 256</ref>

The prevalence of [[HIV]] infection among men aged 15-29 has ''not'' decreased despite several campaigns to perform male circumcision.

</blockquote>

According to Malaysian [[AIDS]] Council vice-president Datuk Zaman Khan, more than 70% of the 87,710 [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]] sufferers in the country are Muslims. In Malaysia, most, if not all Muslim men are circumcised, whereas circumcision is uncommon in the non-Muslim community. 60% of the Malaysian population is Muslim, which means that [[HIV]] is spreading in the community where most men are circumcised at an even faster rate, than in the community where most men are intact.<ref>http://www.mmail.com.my/content/39272-72-percent-aidshiv-sufferers-malaysia-are-muslims-says-council</ref>

Interestingly enough, Malaysia is home to the [[TARA KLamp]], a controversial circumcision device being marketed in KwaZulu Natal, Africa in the name of [[HIV]] prevention.

[[Tuli]] or male circumcision, a nearly compulsory cultural practice in the Philippine Islands, causes 93 percent of Filipino males to be circumcised.

In the 2010 Global [[AIDS]] report released by UNAIDS in late November, the Philippines was one of seven nations in the world which reported over 25 percent in new [[HIV]] infections between 2001 and 2009, whereas other countries have either stabilized or shown significant declines in the rate of new infections. Among all countries in Asia, only the Philippines and Bangladesh are reporting increases in [[HIV]] cases, with others either stable or decreasing. <ref>http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view/20110102-312124/Philippines-HIVAIDS-problem-worries-UN</ref>

The statistics suggest that removal of the protective [[foreskin]] by circumcision increases the risk of contracting [[HIV]] infection.

Despite circumcision being near-universal, [[HIV]] is an increasing problem in Israel.<ref>{{REFweb

|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4998790

}}</ref>

In America, the majority of the male population is [[circumcised]], approximately 62%,<ref name="moore2015">{{REFweb

|url=https://today.yougov.com/topics/lifestyle/articles-reports/2015/02/03/younger-americans-circumcision

However, it is precisely these reasons given, that sex education and condoms aren't catching on in Africa, why circumcision advocates say "mass circumcision campaigns" should be promoted in Africa. What failed in the United States is somehow supposed to work miracles in Africa.

According to USAID, there appears no clear pattern of association between male circumcision and [[HIV]] prevalence—in 8 of 18 countries with data, [[HIV]] prevalence is lower among circumcised men, while in the remaining 10 countries it is higher.<ref>http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/CR22/CR22.pdf</ref>