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Basically, according to the values of medical ethics, the patient has a right of self-determination. In the case of minors, this right is usually exercised by the legal guardians on their behalf, but may only be used for the benefit of the child. An operation that is not medically indicated, such as [[circumcision]], is therefore not within the sphere of influence of [[parental rights]]. <ref>{{REFjournal |last=Committee on Bioethics |first= |init= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |init2= |author2-link= |last3= |first3= |init3= |author3-link= |last4= |first4= |init4= |author4-link= |last5= |first5= |init5= |author5-link= |last6= |first6= |init6= |author6-link= |last7= |first7= |init7= |author7-link= |last8= |first8= |init8= |author8-link= |last9= |first9= |init9= |author9-link= |etal=no |title=Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice |trans-title= |language= |journal=Pediatrics |location= |date=1995-02 |season= |volume=95 |issue=2 |article= |page= |pages=314-7 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/AAP/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=7838658 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2022-07-02}}</ref> The doctors themselves are not allowed to carry out an operation that is not medically indicated if the "patient" - — in this case a child who is unable to give consent - — cannot give his or her consent. In this case, there would be criminal acts against the child due to unauthorized bodily harm and infliction of damage.